Memory Flashcards
What are flashbulb memories?
vivid, more detailed reconstructions (even for most dearly held ones)—you remember exactly where you were and what you were doing when it happened; e.g. JFK assassination, 9/11, Challenger explosion
Why is memory considered reconstructive?
Our memory is often reconstructed based on the information available at recall; however, this doesn’t always lead to correct recall
Flashbulb memory inconsistencies
the narrative changes at first, but more times you say something, the more you believe its true and stick to that version
memory phases-encoding
the process of how info is initially learned
memory phases- storage
the process of maintaining info over a short or long time
memory phases-retrieval
the process of recovering info from memory to produce a response
Memory
the structures and processes involved in both the storage and retrieval of information
What is Iconic memory?
the visual component of sensory memory; the fleeting afterimages; icons (the neuronal activity that loiters in our brains itself)
What is Echoic memory?
the auditory component of sensory memory; echoes
What is Immediate memory?
A system that actively holds onto a limited amount of info so it can manipulated and processed (for a brief time); the contents of consciousness
-also “short-term” or “working” memory
What are the characeristics of immediate memory?
- Representation- the kind of info a memory system contains
- Duration-how long a memory system can contain info before its forgotten
- Capacity- how much info can be held in a memory system at any time
What is the Inner voice?
the small voice inside your head that you hear when you try to count to 10 in your head
-its evidence for verbal representation in memory
- mistakes that we make support the inner voice
- if you can’t speak, you don’t have an inner voice
-‘cheese for please’ mistakes; don’t look alike, do sound alike
What is Duration?
how long we can hold onto information over the short term- it depends on rehearsal
What is rehearsal?
the process or repeating info to yourself; helps you re-hear it and maintain it indefinitely; without it you quickly forget info
What is Capacity?
how much we can hold in our minds at once; over the short term, this limit is 7 +/- 2 items or what you can rehearse in 2 secs (called memory span)
-meaningful chunking can condense info
What is Baddely’s working memory model?
a model of immediate memory that emphasized its role as a system for manipulating information in consciousness:
central exec which coordinates the;
-phonological loop (controls inner voice- auditory/verbal info)
-visuospatial sketchpad (controls inner eye- visual/spatial info)
- C.E. also coordinates the flow of info b/w working and long-term memory
What is Sensory memory?
a system that keeps information translated by the senses in a relatively unaltered, unexamined form; includes echoic and iconic forms of sensory memory
What is Long term memory?
memory systems used to store and recall information over long periods of time; incl. episodic, semantic, & procedural memory
What is the encoding specificity principle?
the idea that retrieval cues are only useful as long as they match the original context of how to-be- remembered info was originally learned
What is elborative rehearsal?
the process of actively manipulating info in immediate memory to meaningfully connect it to other info alr stored in long-term memory
What is “Deep” processing?
encoding new info via meaningful connections to existing knowledge (e.g. is this a living four-legged furry creature?)
