Memory Flashcards

Question

What are cues?

Answer 1

pieces of info that help us remember events from the past -cues are only helpful if they match the to-be-remembered i.e. target) info

Answer 2

a rare medical condition that leads to near-perfect autobiographical recall; characterized by larger amygdala with more connections to hippocampus

Answer 3

loss of memories prior to a specific traumatic event such as a blow to the head or other conditions; usually only temporary and for the events immediately prior to injury

Answer 4

inability to encode new info into long-term memory; typically permanent and results from extensive damage to hippocampus

Answer 5

the feeling that one has already experienced a sequence of events; "already seen"

Answer 6

a phenomenon in which misleading info alters a subsequent memory; typically refers to an eyewitness account

Answer 7

highly organized knowledge structures, e.g. stereotypes, which can influence recall for info relevant to the stereotype

Answer 8

characterized by memories that are difficult to suppress, despite conscious effort to do so; flashbacks

Answer 9

memories become irretrievable because they're obscured by other, competing info; more evidence for this theory e.g. you forget the name of the first person you met at a party yesterday because you met 5 other people that night too

Answer 10

memories fade away due to the passage of time alone; very little evidence e.g. you forget the name of the only person you met at a party yesterday without rehearsal

Answer 11

memory errors where info cannot be brought to mind

Answer 12

memory for any particular event tends to degrade over time

Answer 13

memories are simply unavailable bc of a failure to encode them in the first place

Answer 14

lack of distinctive cues are available to help us recover a specific memory

Answer 15

memory errors where wrong/unwanted info is brought to mind; misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistence

Answer 16

Practicing retrieval is much more effective than dropping and restudying; even by practising retrieval just a few extra times you remember a lot more

Answer 17

without looking at your notes, practice recalling concepts (you can use your own cues) repeatedly (repeating allows changing/adding to knowledge about info and making more connections ea time)

Answer 18

imagery, organization, distinctiveness, self-reference

Answer 19

free- write all the words you remember from the list vs cued- write all the words you remember from different groups/categories (cued is more effective)

Answer 20

use same kind of mental processes during testing as study (encoding) to enhance retrieval (e.g. do practice in same format you'll be tested in)

Answer 21

remembering without conscious realization or intent -explicit is conscious, willful remembering -elaboration has a reduced effect on implicit memory

Answer 22

the mental experience of seeing something using your imagination - evidence for visual representation in immediate memory - its easier to remember smth bigger than smaller - inner eye and inner voice operate similarly to perceptual system (recruit same areas of brain)

Answer 23

cues are only helpful if they match the target info (what you're trying to remember); you're more likely to recall target when cues present at study (encoding) are similar to those at test (retrieval)

Answer 24

transience: memory for any particular event tends to degrade over time

Answer 25

absent-mindedness: memories are simply unavailable due to a failure to encode them in the first place

Answer 26

blocking: not enough distinctive cues are available to help us recover a specific memory

Answer 27

contents pertain to specific events/ episodes; includes most autobiographical memories

Answer 28

contents pertain to specific facts/concepts without personal experience; semantic=meaning

Answer 29

contents pertain to how to do something; incl. most athletic & motor skills