MEMORY

Question 1

also referred to as declarative memory-is memory for specific information

Answer 1

explicit memory

Question 2

A memory of an event’s in one’s life

Answer 2

episodic memory

Question 3

remembering to do something in the future

Answer 3

prospective memory

Question 4

indicates that these memories state or reveal (declare) specific information

Answer 4

declarative

Question 5

2 kinds of explicit memories

Answer 5

episodic and semantic

Question 6

Memories of things that happen to us or take place in our presence​

Answer 6

episodic memory

Question 7

General knowledge​

Answer 7

semantic memory

Question 8

Episodic memory also referred to as ______

Answer 8

autobiographical memory​

Question 8

Things people do, not things stated clearly​

Answer 8

IMPLICIT MEMORY

Question 8

we tend to use the phrase “ i remember…” when we are referring to ______

Answer 8

Episodic memories

Question 9

concerns meanings

Answer 9

semantics

Question 9

we use the phrase “ I know…” when we are referring to _____

Answer 9

Semantic memory

Question 9

memory that is suggested (implied) but not plainly expressed

Answer 9

implicit memory

Question 10

implicit memory referred to as _____

Answer 10

non-declarative memory

Question 11

the activation of specific associations in memory, often as a result of repetition and without making a conscious effort to access the memory

Answer 11

priming

Question 12

Easier to remember than occasional tasks​

Answer 12

Habitual tasks​

Question 12

-Recalling information previously learned​

-Episodic, semantic and implicit memories​

Answer 12

Retrospective memory​

Question 13

3 prospective memory tasks

Answer 13

Habitual Tasks
Event-based Tasks
Time-based Tasks

Question 14

Triggered by events

Answer 14

Event-based tasks​

Question 15

Performed at a certain time or after a certain time has elapsed​

Answer 15

Time-based tasks​

Question 16

More related to speed of cognitive processing than loss of information​

Answer 16

Age related decline​

Question 17

Depressed people less likely to push to remind themselves to do what they intend to do​

Answer 17

Moods and attitudes

Question 17

the first stage of information processing

Answer 17

encoding

Question 18

modifies information so that it can be placed in memory

Answer 18

encoding

Question 19

Transforming information into psychological formats that can be represented mentally​

Answer 19

encoding

Question 20

3 codes

Answer 20

visual semantic acoustic

Question 20

– represented as a picture​ ​

Answer 20

Visual Codes

Question 21

-represented as sounds​

Answer 21

Acoustic Codes

Question 22

– represented in terms of meanings

Answer 22

Semantic Codes

Question 23

the second stage of information processing

Answer 23

storage

Question 24

Maintaining information over time​

Answer 24

storage

Question 25

it is by mentally repeating the list or saying it to yourself again and again / METAMEMORY

Answer 25

Maintenance rehearsal​

Question 26

2 Methods of storing information​

Answer 26

-Maintenance rehearsal​ -Elaborative rehearsal​

Question 27

by relating it to something that u already know

Answer 27

Elaborative rehearsal​

Question 28

the third stage of information processing

Answer 28

retrieval

Question 29

Locating information and returning it to consciousness​

Answer 29

retrieval

Question 30

retrieval information from our memories requires knowledge of the proper _______

Answer 30

retrieval cues

Question 31

Processes of memory

Answer 31

encoding storage retrieval

Question 31

Process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.​

Answer 31

Memory

Question 32

Three stages of memory​

Answer 32

Sensory memory​ Short-term memory (STM)​ Long-term memory (LTM)​

Question 33

they suggested a model for how some information is lost immediately, other information is held briefly, and still other information still hold for the lifetime.

Answer 33

Richard Atkinson and Richard Schiffrin

Question 34

series of eye fixations. these movements jump from one point to another about four times each second.

Answer 34

saccadic eye movements

Question 35

First stage of memory encountered by a stimulus​

Answer 35

Sensory Memory​

Question 36

Holds impressions briefly, but long enough so series of perceptions become psychologically continuous​

Answer 36

Sensory Memory​

Question 37

Decays within a second​

Answer 37

memory trace

Question 37

an assumed changed in the nervous system that reflects the impression made by as stimulus

Answer 37

memory trace

Question 38

Psychologist speak of the memory trace of the list as being held in a __________

Answer 38

Visual sensory register​

Question 38

Mental representations of visual stimuli​

Answer 38

Icons​

Question 39

the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of visual stimuli

Answer 39

iconic memory

Question 40

retain exact mental representations of visual stimuli over long periods of time​

Answer 40

Eidetic imagery ​

Question 41

Mental representations ​ of sounds​ or auditory stimuli

Answer 41

Echoes​

Question 42

the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli

Answer 42

echoic memory

Question 43

short term memory also called as _________

Answer 43

working memory

Question 44

can hold information for up to a minute or so after the trace of the stimulus decays

Answer 44

short term memory

Question 45

the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items in a series

Answer 45

serial-position effect

Question 46

a stimulus or group of stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information

Answer 46

chunk

Question 47

they demonstrated how prevention of rehearsal can wreak havoc with short term memory

Answer 47

Lloyd and Margaret Peterson

Question 48

in memory theory, to cause information to be lost from short-term memory by adding a new information

Answer 48

displace

Question 49

third stage of information processing

Answer 49

LTM

Question 50

Permanent storage of all memories

Answer 50

LTM

Question 51

a way of mentally representing the world, such as belief or an expectation, that can influence perception of persons, objects, and situations.

Answer 51

schemas

Question 52

in Freud's psychodynamic theory, the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness

Answer 52

repression

Question 53

they pioneered the levels -of-processing model of memory

Answer 53

Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart

Question 54

which holds that memories tend to endure when information is processed deeply

Answer 54

levels -of-processing model

Question 55

Tend to remember events that are important and emotionally stirring​

Answer 55

Flashbulb Memories​

Question 56

is an arrangement of items into groups or classes according to common or distinct features

Answer 56

hierarchy

Question 57

we tend to organize information according to ____

Answer 57

hierarchal structure

Question 58

the feeling that information is stor3ed in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved

Answer 58

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Question 59

TOT phenomenon is also called______

Answer 59

feeling of knowing experience

Question 60

Better retrieval in context in which information was originally acquired ​

Answer 60

Context dependent ​memory

Question 61

Better retrieval in biological or emotional state in which it was learned​

Answer 61

State dependent​

Question 62

meaningless sets of two consonants, with a vowel sandwiched in between, that are used to study memory

Answer 62

nonsenses syllables

Question 63

a measure of retention in which the difference between the number of repetitions originally required to learn a list and the number of repetitions required to re-learn the list after a certain amount of time has elapse is calculated

Answer 63

method of savings

Question 64

method of savings

Answer 64

relearning

Question 65

nonsense syllables, presented in pairs in experiments that measure recall

Answer 65

paired associates

Question 66

the differences between the number of repetitions originally required to learn a list and the number of repetitions required to relearn the list after a certain amount of time has elapsed

Answer 66

savings

Question 67

Three tasks for measurement​

Answer 67

Recognition​ Recall​ Relearning​

Question 68

New learning interferes with the retrieval of old learning​

Answer 68

Retroactive interference​

Question 69

the view that we may forget stored material because other learning interferes with it

Answer 69

interference theory

Question 70

2 basic types of interference theory

Answer 70

retroactive interference proactive interference

Question 71

Older learning interferes with the capacity to retrieve more recently learned material

Answer 71

Proactive interference​

Question 72

loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma

Answer 72

dissociative trauma

Question 72

infantile amnesia is also called ______

Answer 72

childhood amnesia

Question 73

inability to recall events that occur to prior to the age of three or so

Answer 73

infantile amnesia

Question 74

Unable to remember events that occur after physical trauma

Answer 74

Anterograde Amnesia​

Question 74

According to Freud, is the automatic ejection of painful memories and unacceptable urges from conscious awareness

Answer 74

Repression

Question 75

Unable to remember events that occur prior to physical trauma​

Answer 75

Retrograde Amnesia​

Question 76

an assumed electrical circuit in the brain that corresponds to a memory trace

Answer 76

engram

Question 77

-new memories; episodic memories​ -relays sensory information to cortex​

Answer 77

Hippocampus ​

Question 77

Following brief, rapid stimulation an enhanced efficiency in synaptic transmission​

Answer 77

Long-term potentiation​

Question 78

Formation of verbal memories

Answer 78

Thalamus​

Question 79

Ability to represent and be aware of past, present and future events​

Answer 79

Prefrontal cortex​