Memory

Question 1

What do memories include?

Answer 1

Past experiences, knowledge and thoughts

Question 2

What does processing memory involve?

Answer 2

Encoding, storage and retrieval of information

Question 3

What happens to information as it enters the brain?

Answer 3

Information entering the brain passes through sensory memory and enters short term memory

Question 4

What can happen to short term memory?

Answer 4

Information from short term memory can either be transferred to long term memory or be discarded

Question 5

What does sensory memory retain?

Answer 5

Sensory memory retains all the visual and auditory input received for a few seconds

Question 6

What can be encoded into short term memory?

Answer 6

Images and sounds from sensory memory can be encoded into short term memory

Question 7

What capacity does short term memory have?

Answer 7

Short term memory has a limited capacity

Question 8

How long can short term memory hold information for?

Answer 8

7 items for around 30 seconds before either transferring into long term memory or being discarded

Question 9

What is memory span?

Answer 9

The number of pieces of information the short term memory can hold at one time
Approximately 7

Question 10

What method can improve short term memory?

Answer 10

“Chunking” which is breaking pieces of information into smaller chunks to learn

Question 11

What is the ‘ working memory model ‘

Answer 11

The ‘ working memory model ‘ is the short term memory’s ability to process data to a limited extent, as well as store it. Allowing the short term memory to perform simple cognitive tasks

Question 12

What is the serial position effect?

Answer 12

The serial position effect is an effect that occurs when memorising lists, showing that recall is best for objects shown at the start and the end, whereas the middle is not remembered very well.

Question 13

What happens to the first few objects in the serial position effect?

Answer 13

The first few objects have enough time to be rehearsed and in many cases are transferred to the long term memory

Question 14

What happens to the last few terms in the serial position effect?

Answer 14

The last few terms are remembered as they are still in short term memory

Question 15

What happens to the terms in the middle during the serial position effect?

Answer 15

The terms in the middle are usually forgotten / gain a poor score due to displacement which is new information entering. Or decay of memory.

Question 16

What is meant by displacement in memory?

Answer 16

When new terms come into the short term memory, kicking out old terms which are often discarded if not transferred to the long term memory quickly enough.

Question 17

What is the capacity of long term memory?

Answer 17

Long term memory has an UNLIMITED capacity and holds information for a long time

Question 18

In what 3 ways can short term memory be transferred to long term memory?

Answer 18

Rehearsal, elaboration and organisation.

Question 19

What is rehearsal?

Answer 19

Rehearsal is repeating information often to encode the short term memory to long term.

Question 20

What is organisation?

Answer 20

Organisation is putting lists into groups in order to organise information to allow short term memory to encode itself into long term memory

Question 21

What is elaboration?

Answer 21

Elaboration is adding meaning or more information in order to transfer short term memory into long term memory with better retrieval

Question 22

What is considered a shallow form of encoding information?

Answer 22

Rehearsal is seen as a shallow form of encoding information

Question 23

What is considered a deeper form of encoding information?

Answer 23

Elaboration is considere a deeper form of encoding information which leads to improved information retention

Question 24

What can retrieval be aided by?

Answer 24

Contextual cues can aid retrieval

Question 25

What are contextual cues?

Answer 25

Contextual cues relate to the time and place where the information was initially encoded into the long term memory, contextual cues can be something you see or smell or taste that can help you remember something.