Memory Flashcards
Who made the multi-store memory
It was made by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968
How is information processed in MSM
Linear model- info flows in one direction
passive stores- Stores hold info before it is passed on or lost
What is coding
different formats to store memory
What is capacity
how much info can be held
What is duration
How long info is held before lost
What is a sensory register
it is not a cognitive store . sensory receptors detect an environmental stimulus and pass it to the brain
How is info passed from sensory register to STM
Info is passed by paying attention
How is the sensory register coded
it is modality specific ( depends on the sense organ)
How much is the duration in sensory register
250 millisecond . short duration before lost
what is the capacity for sensory register
very large and can be unlimited
how does STM receive info
it receives info from the sensory register through paying attention
what is the coding for STM
acoustic
what is the capacity for STM
7 plus or minus a 2 and miller said it was small and it can be improved by chunking. this is making groups of items
what is the duration of STM
18-30 sec
how do we keep info in our STM
maintenance rehearsal
how does info from STM to LTM work
it passes through elaborative or prolonged rehearsal and LTM can put info back to the STM through retrieval
How is LTM coded
semantically
What is the capacity and duration of LTM
unlimited
evidence that STM and LTM are separate processes
Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) . participant free recall l word list and the best recalled was start and end. this is because first words entered LTM and the most recent ones entered STM displacing the middle
Evidence Coding for STM and LTM
Baddely (1966) agve four 10 worded lists to four participant groups and found that STM is coded acoustically and LTM is coded semantically .
they are confused
Evidence for the capacity of STM
Joseph Jacobs (1887) . they had to recall numbers and letters, the capacity for letters was 7 and 9 for numbers . this shws STM is limited . miller said it can be easier through chunking
- it can be replicated but it is outdated
Evidence for the duration of STM
Peterson and Peterson (1959) showed participant three letters trigams and they had to count backwards to stop maintenance rehearsal. found that duration of STM was 18-30sec
- not a meaningful stimuli
Evidence for the capacity for LTM
Wagner (1986) created 2400 diary events . when tested with a cue remembered 75% after 1 year and 45% at 5 years.
Evidence for the duration of LTM
Harry Bahrick (1975) experimented with 392 American participants between 17-74 . photo regonition 15 years 90 and 45 years 70. free recall , 15 years 60% and after 45 years 30%
two strengths for MSM
- artificial nature is the best and may be the only way of clearly measuring memory
- the large capacity and duration of the sensory register can be evolutionary explains
two weakness for MSM
- artificial tasks lacks external validity
- researchers have to make inferences that can be wrong
- it is too simplistic and says the stores are passive
- Clive wearings and that there is more than one types of memory
Why did different types of LTM come into place
TUlvin gin 1985 was a cognitiv epsychologisyt that claimed the MSM view of <LTM was too simplistic. HE propose dthere is thrree long term memory
What was the three types of LTM
episodic ,semantic and memory
What is semantic memory
facts and knowledge about the world
What is episodic memory
personal events in our lives that are specific
What is procedural memory
actions and motor skills
what is declarative ( explicit memory)
it can be consciously recalled and can be put into words
what is non-declarative ( implicit memory)
it cant be consciously recalled and can be put into words
what is the different between the LTM
episodic Is timed stamped the rest isn’t.
procedural is recalled unconsolingly and the rest is vonsiioyl. epsiodica is autobiographical and easy to forget while the rest is resistant.
