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psychology Paper 1 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Who made the multi-store memory

A

It was made by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968

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2
Q

How is information processed in MSM

A

Linear model- info flows in one direction
passive stores- Stores hold info before it is passed on or lost

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3
Q

What is coding

A

different formats to store memory

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4
Q

What is capacity

A

how much info can be held

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5
Q

What is duration

A

How long info is held before lost

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6
Q

What is a sensory register

A

it is not a cognitive store . sensory receptors detect an environmental stimulus and pass it to the brain

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7
Q

How is info passed from sensory register to STM

A

Info is passed by paying attention

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8
Q

How is the sensory register coded

A

it is modality specific ( depends on the sense organ)

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9
Q

How much is the duration in sensory register

A

250 millisecond . short duration before lost

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10
Q

what is the capacity for sensory register

A

very large and can be unlimited

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11
Q

how does STM receive info

A

it receives info from the sensory register through paying attention

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12
Q

what is the coding for STM

A

acoustic

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13
Q

what is the capacity for STM

A

7 plus or minus a 2 and miller said it was small and it can be improved by chunking. this is making groups of items

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14
Q

what is the duration of STM

A

18-30 sec

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15
Q

how do we keep info in our STM

A

maintenance rehearsal

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16
Q

how does info from STM to LTM work

A

it passes through elaborative or prolonged rehearsal and LTM can put info back to the STM through retrieval

17
Q

How is LTM coded

A

semantically

18
Q

What is the capacity and duration of LTM

A

unlimited

19
Q

evidence that STM and LTM are separate processes

A

Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) . participant free recall l word list and the best recalled was start and end. this is because first words entered LTM and the most recent ones entered STM displacing the middle

20
Q

Evidence Coding for STM and LTM

A

Baddely (1966) agve four 10 worded lists to four participant groups and found that STM is coded acoustically and LTM is coded semantically .
they are confused

21
Q

Evidence for the capacity of STM

A

Joseph Jacobs (1887) . they had to recall numbers and letters, the capacity for letters was 7 and 9 for numbers . this shws STM is limited . miller said it can be easier through chunking
- it can be replicated but it is outdated

22
Q

Evidence for the duration of STM

A

Peterson and Peterson (1959) showed participant three letters trigams and they had to count backwards to stop maintenance rehearsal. found that duration of STM was 18-30sec

  • not a meaningful stimuli
23
Q

Evidence for the capacity for LTM

A

Wagner (1986) created 2400 diary events . when tested with a cue remembered 75% after 1 year and 45% at 5 years.

24
Q

Evidence for the duration of LTM

A

Harry Bahrick (1975) experimented with 392 American participants between 17-74 . photo regonition 15 years 90 and 45 years 70. free recall , 15 years 60% and after 45 years 30%

25
Q

two strengths for MSM

A
  • artificial nature is the best and may be the only way of clearly measuring memory
  • the large capacity and duration of the sensory register can be evolutionary explains
26
Q

two weakness for MSM

A
  • artificial tasks lacks external validity
  • researchers have to make inferences that can be wrong
  • it is too simplistic and says the stores are passive
  • Clive wearings and that there is more than one types of memory
27
Q

Why did different types of LTM come into place

A

TUlvin gin 1985 was a cognitiv epsychologisyt that claimed the MSM view of <LTM was too simplistic. HE propose dthere is thrree long term memory

28
Q

What was the three types of LTM

A

episodic ,semantic and memory

29
Q

What is semantic memory

A

facts and knowledge about the world

30
Q

What is episodic memory

A

personal events in our lives that are specific

31
Q

What is procedural memory

A

actions and motor skills

32
Q

what is declarative ( explicit memory)

A

it can be consciously recalled and can be put into words

33
Q

what is non-declarative ( implicit memory)

A

it cant be consciously recalled and can be put into words

34
Q

what is the different between the LTM

A

episodic Is timed stamped the rest isn’t.
procedural is recalled unconsolingly and the rest is vonsiioyl. epsiodica is autobiographical and easy to forget while the rest is resistant.

35
Q
A

psychology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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