Memory

Question 1

sensory register

Multi-store model

Answer 1

• stimuli from the environment passed here
• modality free
• iconic and echoic memory stores
• large capacity
• <0.5s duration

Question 2

Short-term memory store

Multi-store model

Answer 2

• coded mainly acoustically
• capacity 7+/- 2 items
• duration of 18-20 seconds with rehersal
• mental rehaersal occurs when we repeat material
• this allows info to stay in stm
• if reearsed long enough it goes to ltm

Question 3

Long-term memory

Multi-store model

Answer 3

• permenant memory store
• coded semantically (terms of meaning)
• duraction and capacity potentially infinite -> cannot be tested
• when we want to recall info from ltm has to be transferred back to the stm -> called retrival

Question 4

multi-store model
evaluation

Multi-store model

Answer 4

• supporting evidence (Ltm) - bahrick with the high school photos found regognise faces 50+ years after grad
• studies show ltm and stm are different- Baddley - mix up words that were similar in sound stm and meaning when in the ltm - shows ltm and stm are different
• l-> however bad mundane raelisma nd ecological validity
• very standardised
• case study - shallice and wrringtons study on KF recalled words read to him poorly but the ones he read himself - stm is not a single unitary store (one for non noise) so msm is wrong
• tulving- LTM was too simplistic. suggested three types - episodic,semantic, procedul. conducted pet scans where he found different activity for each type

Question 5

factors effecting accuracy

Eyewitness testinony

Answer 5

• misleading questions
• post event discussion
• anxiety

Question 6

the cognitive interview background

Eyewitness testinony

Answer 6

• fisher and geiselman
• involves 4 techniques
• 1992

Question 7

the cognitive interview

Eyewitness testinony

Answer 7

1. report everything -> trival details may help trigger other memories and may be usefull.
2. reinstate the context ->should return to the original scene. retrieve emotion, what they see. do this due to context-dependant forgetting
3. reverse order -> prevent reporting expectations and report actual events. harder to be untruthful when backward
4. change perspective -> recall the incrident fom another persons perspective. distrupts the effect of expectations and the effect of schema on recall.

Question 8

the enhanced cognitive interview

Eyewitness testinony

Answer 8

• additional elements
• interview knows when to establish eye contact
• reduce anxiety
• witness speaks slowly
• open ended questions

Question 9

cognitive interview evaluation

Eyewitness testinony

Answer 9

• real life application - meta analysis. CI gave 41% in increase in accurate information.
• I-> however- also rcalled a greater number of innacurate information with CI
• not all its elements can be used consistantly, for adult learning difficulties and children as apsects appear to complex.
• time consuming