Memory

Question 1

How accurate is Memory?

Answer 1

Surprisingly accurate, but not trustworthy

Question 2

Define Memory Illusion

Answer 2

A false but subjectively compelling memory, usually a false memory by association

Question 3

A false memory by association is called:

Answer 3

Representativeness heuristic

Question 4

Hyperthymestic Syndrome is

Answer 4

Intense memory abilities

Question 5

What are the three types of memory

Answer 5

Sensory, Short Term, and Long Term

Question 6

Sensory Memory is _____

Answer 6

Brief

Question 7

What is the difference between Iconic Memory and Echoic Memory?

Answer 7

Iconic: Allows you to perceive a recording of memory as a steady stream rather than multiple still photos

Echoic: The ability to hear “echo’s” of sound

Question 8

What is Eidetic Imagery in relation to memory?

Answer 8

A photographic memory

Question 9

What are the magic numbers in short-term memory? what is the duration of short-term memory?

Answer 9

+7/-2
20 seconds or less

Question 10

What are the two types of Rehearsal, a method of short term memory retrieval?

Answer 10

Maintenance Rehearsal
Elaborative Rehearsal

Question 11

What are the three Levels of Processing (the more deeply information is processed, the more easily it is to remember)?

Answer 11

Visual (most shallow)
Phonological (less shallow)
Semantic (deepest)

Question 12

What are the two explanations for short term memory loss?

Answer 12

Decay and Interference

Question 13

Errors in Long term memory tend to be:

Answer 13

Semantic (meaning)

Question 14

What are the two types of Explicit Long Term memory (memories we recall consciously) ?

Answer 14

Semantic and Episodic

Question 15

What are the four types of Implicit Long Term Memory (Memories we do not remember deliberately or reflect on consciously)?

Answer 15

1. Procedural
2. Priming
3. Conditioning
4. Habitation

Question 16

What are the three processes of Memory?

Answer 16

Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

Question 17

Define the effects of Primary and Recency

Answer 17

Primary: the tendency to remember earlier stimuli (things at the beginning of the list)

Recency: The tendency to remember more recent stimuli

Question 18

Define Mnemonics

Answer 18

A learning aid strategy, or device that enhances recall

Question 19

What is the Pegword Method?

Answer 19

A Mnemonic device that helps to recall ordered lists using rhyming and visual imagery

Question 20

What is the Keyword method?

Answer 20

A Mnemonic device that is particularly helpful in learning a new language, using something about an object or word that reminds you of something else

Question 21

Define Storage Schema

Answer 21

An organized knowledge structure or mental model/ frames of reference for navigating new situations

Question 22

Storage Schema’s can lead us to:

Answer 22

Remember things that didn’t happen as expected

Question 23

Memory retrieval includes ______ and ______

Answer 23

Recall (generating previously encoded information)

Recognition (selecting previously encoded information from options provided)

Question 24

Define Relearning

Answer 24

Reacquiring knowledge that was learned previously but was largely forgotten

Question 25

The tip of the tongue phenomenon demonstrates the difference between error in ______ and error in _________

Answer 25

encoding and retrieval

Question 26

Define Encoding Specificity

Answer 26

Remembering something more easily when the conditions of encoding and retrieval are the same

Question 27

Define Engram

Answer 27

The physical trace of each memory in the brain

Question 28

Glutamate enhances ___________

Answer 28

learning

Question 29

What is the difference between Amnesia retrograde and Amnesia Anterograde?

Answer 29

Retrograde: lost memories of the past

Anterograde: Inability to make new memories

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE:
Confidence of a memory makes it more accurate

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

Define Source Monitoring in the context of memory

Answer 31

Efforts to identify the origins of a memory which source provided the information

Question 32

Define Cryptonesia.
What is cryptonesia an example of?

Answer 32

Belief that an idea originated by someone else is ours, it is an example of source monitoring error