memory

Question 1

define recognition

Answer 1

multiple choice -> easier than recall
-> selecting 1

Question 2

define recall

Answer 2

generate possible answers + identify

Question 3

define memory

Answer 3

any indication that learning persistent over time= storage + retrieval

Question 4

what is Encoding

Answer 4

getting info to the brain

Question 5

what is storage

Answer 5

retaining info

Question 6

what is retrieval

Answer 6

getting info back

Question 7

what is encoding failure

Answer 7

not remembering

Question 8

what do we encode

Answer 8

what we find important

Question 9

stupid penny fact

Answer 9

maple twig is botanically incorrect

Question 10

what are vivid memories

Answer 10

memories emotionally significant

Question 11

what are flash bulb memories

Answer 11

memories related to other ingrained memories

Question 12

why don’t we remember everything abt the stupid fucking penny

Answer 12

Bc it’s not significant

Question 13

the 4 factors that determine what we encode

Answer 13

meaningful
focus/give attention
emotionally significant
important

Question 14

what is the 3 stage processing model (memory)

Answer 14

sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory

Question 15

what is sensory memory

Answer 15

external events processed through

Question 16

what is short term memory

Answer 16

working memory- conscious level
holds small amounts: stored in before long term or forgotten

Question 17

what is long term memory

Answer 17

short term encoded into: permanent: unlimited-> can fade

Question 18

recall: primacy effect + recency effect

Answer 18

free recall- remember more from start of a list = primacy
remember end of list= recency effect

Question 19

what is Milners magical number 7

Answer 19

number of digits that can be repeated after 1 presentation = normal digit span 7 +- 2
preposed could hold 7 chunks of info

Question 20

what is iconic memory

Answer 20

fleeting photographic memory

Question 21

what is echoic memory

Answer 21

fleeting auditory memory
= hearing

Question 22

define reminiscences bump

Answer 22

period of increased memories from teens -mid 20’s
-> formed bc of higher #’s of Firsts

Question 23

what are false memories

Answer 23

memories believed to be real-> results of either confusion,imagination,or suggestions.
: remember things that never happened

Question 24

explain how memory is reconstructive

Answer 24

memories that add details not part of the actual event or omit details that were

Question 25

what are reconstructive memories

Answer 25

recall memories that we relive w/ current perspective + knowledge

Question 26

what is the mandela effect

Answer 26

when a large group misremember something

Question 27

what is source misattribution

Answer 27

inability to distinguish whether OG event w/ some later event was a source of info = misremembered our experience

Question 28

2 successful techniques for implanting false memories

Answer 28

interpretation + photograph

Question 29

what does normal healthy aging look like

Answer 29

sensory declines -> auditory, slowing of processing info, intelligence remains- independent

Question 30

what is dementia + common signs

Answer 30

disease of the brain - decline in memory + intellectual functioning memory loss, disorientation, language problems, diminished concentration

Question 31

what is Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 31

progressive, degenerative, neurological disease -> steady decline in memory + cognitive functioning

Question 32

what is the difference between alzheimer’s + dementia

Answer 32

Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia

Question 33

4 changes in the brain w someone who has alzheimer’s

Answer 33

amyloid plaque , neurofibulary tangles, cell death, brain shrinkage - chemical facilitates memory

Question 34

progression of alzheimer’s (early stage, middle stage,late stage)

Answer 34

early- forgetfulness, trouble multitasking, personality changes mid- fluctuating disorientation, learning difficulties, decline recognition, from national declines late- severe disorientation, difficulty walking, loss of speech, totally dependent.

Question 35

what makes recognizing alzheimer’s is challenging

Answer 35

poor understanding, lack of insight. erroneous beliefs

Question 36

what is amnesia

Answer 36

loss of memory ability -> legion/ damage or surgical removal of various parts of the brain

Question 37

what is retrograde amnesia

Answer 37

loss of memory prior to damage

Question 38

what is anterograde amnesia

Answer 38

loss of memory after damage -> inability to store new memories

Question 39

what type of memories does amnesia affect

Answer 39

only long term memory * not short term or sensory*

Question 40

what is koraskoffs syndrome

Answer 40

lesions of medial Thalamus -> severe anterograde / retrograde-confabulations retro= extending up to 4 yrs

Question 41

what is confabulation

Answer 41

make up stories

Question 42

what lead to HM to have brain surgery + what did they remove

Answer 42

severe epilepsy -> removal of hippocampus

Question 43

what type of memory was affected for HM after surgery

Answer 43

severe amnesia = anterograde - retrograde 1-3 yrs prior to surgery -> largely restricted episodic memory

Question 44

what types of memory were spared for HM after surgery

Answer 44

procedural memory (muscle memory)

Question 45

what happened to Clive Wearing to cause his amnesia

Answer 45

Viral encephalitis = inflammation of the brain = virus permanent damage

Question 46

what is hypermnesia

Answer 46

extreme memory ability - “photographic” -> recall complex test stimuli

Question 47

describe synesthesia

Answer 47

linking senses to items being remembered -> vivid + elaborate mental imagery

Question 48

what is someone w a photographic memory called

Answer 48

mnemonist

Question 49

where specifically is the Hippocampus in the brain

Answer 49

Temporal lobe -> Lymbic system -> bilateral = 2 hippocampi : 1 in each hemisphere

Question 50

what are some roles of the hippocampus

Answer 50

formation of new episodic memory navigational spatial memory

Question 51

link between vivid memories and smells

Answer 51

the hippocampus is close to the olfactory bulb -> responsible for smells

Question 52

link between vivid memories and emotions

Answer 52

hippocampus is apart of Lymbic system -> responsible for emotions -> emotionally significant

Question 53

link between the size of hippocampus and usage

Answer 53

grows from more use