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Psychology > memory > Flashcards

memory Flashcards

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1
Q

define recognition

A

multiple choice -> easier than recall
-> selecting 1

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2
Q

define recall

A

generate possible answers + identify

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3
Q

define memory

A

any indication that learning persistent over time= storage + retrieval

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4
Q

what is Encoding

A

getting info to the brain

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5
Q

what is storage

A

retaining info

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6
Q

what is retrieval

A

getting info back

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7
Q

what is encoding failure

A

not remembering

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8
Q

what do we encode

A

what we find important

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9
Q

stupid penny fact

A

maple twig is botanically incorrect

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10
Q

what are vivid memories

A

memories emotionally significant

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11
Q

what are flash bulb memories

A

memories related to other ingrained memories

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12
Q

why don’t we remember everything abt the stupid fucking penny

A

Bc it’s not significant

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13
Q

the 4 factors that determine what we encode

A

meaningful
focus/give attention
emotionally significant
important

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14
Q

what is the 3 stage processing model (memory)

A

sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory

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15
Q

what is sensory memory

A

external events processed through

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16
Q

what is short term memory

A

working memory- conscious level
holds small amounts: stored in before long term or forgotten

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17
Q

what is long term memory

A

short term encoded into: permanent: unlimited-> can fade

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18
Q

recall: primacy effect + recency effect

A

free recall- remember more from start of a list = primacy
remember end of list= recency effect

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19
Q

what is Milners magical number 7

A

number of digits that can be repeated after 1 presentation = normal digit span 7 +- 2
preposed could hold 7 chunks of info

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20
Q

what is iconic memory

A

fleeting photographic memory

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21
Q

what is echoic memory

A

fleeting auditory memory
= hearing

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22
Q

define reminiscences bump

A

period of increased memories from teens -mid 20’s
-> formed bc of higher #’s of Firsts

23
Q

what are false memories

A

memories believed to be real-> results of either confusion,imagination,or suggestions.
: remember things that never happened

24
Q

explain how memory is reconstructive

A

memories that add details not part of the actual event or omit details that were

25
Q

what are reconstructive memories

A

recall memories that we relive w/ current perspective + knowledge

26
Q

what is the mandela effect

A

when a large group misremember something

27
Q

what is source misattribution

A

inability to distinguish whether OG event w/ some later event was a source of info = misremembered our experience

28
Q

2 successful techniques for implanting false memories

A

interpretation + photograph

29
Q

what does normal healthy aging look like

A

sensory declines -> auditory, slowing of processing info, intelligence remains- independent

30
Q

what is dementia + common signs

A

disease of the brain - decline in memory + intellectual functioning

memory loss, disorientation, language problems, diminished concentration

31
Q

what is Alzheimer’s disease

A

progressive, degenerative, neurological disease
-> steady decline in memory + cognitive functioning

32
Q

what is the difference between alzheimer’s + dementia

A

Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia

33
Q

4 changes in the brain w someone who has alzheimer’s

A

amyloid plaque , neurofibulary tangles, cell death, brain shrinkage - chemical facilitates memory

34
Q

progression of alzheimer’s
(early stage, middle stage,late stage)

A

early- forgetfulness, trouble multitasking, personality changes
mid- fluctuating disorientation, learning difficulties, decline recognition, from national declines
late- severe disorientation, difficulty walking, loss of speech, totally dependent.

35
Q

what makes recognizing alzheimer’s is challenging

A

poor understanding, lack of insight. erroneous beliefs

36
Q

what is amnesia

A

loss of memory ability
-> legion/ damage or surgical removal of various parts of the brain

37
Q

what is retrograde amnesia

A

loss of memory prior to damage

38
Q

what is anterograde amnesia

A

loss of memory after damage
-> inability to store new memories

39
Q

what type of memories does amnesia affect

A

only long term memory
* not short term or sensory*

40
Q

what is koraskoffs syndrome

A

lesions of medial Thalamus
-> severe anterograde / retrograde-confabulations
retro= extending up to 4 yrs

41
Q

what is confabulation

A

make up stories

42
Q

what lead to HM to have brain surgery + what did they remove

A

severe epilepsy
-> removal of hippocampus

43
Q

what type of memory was affected for HM after surgery

A

severe amnesia = anterograde - retrograde 1-3 yrs prior to surgery
-> largely restricted episodic memory

44
Q

what types of memory were spared for HM after surgery

A

procedural memory (muscle memory)

45
Q

what happened to Clive Wearing to cause his amnesia

A

Viral encephalitis = inflammation of the brain = virus
permanent damage

46
Q

what is hypermnesia

A

extreme memory ability - “photographic”
-> recall complex test stimuli

47
Q

describe synesthesia

A

linking senses to items being remembered
-> vivid + elaborate mental imagery

48
Q

what is someone w a photographic memory called

A

mnemonist

49
Q

where specifically is the Hippocampus in the brain

A

Temporal lobe -> Lymbic system
-> bilateral = 2 hippocampi : 1 in each hemisphere

50
Q

what are some roles of the hippocampus

A

formation of new episodic memory
navigational
spatial memory

51
Q

link between vivid memories and smells

A

the hippocampus is close to the olfactory bulb -> responsible for smells

52
Q

link between vivid memories and emotions

A

hippocampus is apart of Lymbic system -> responsible for emotions
-> emotionally significant

53
Q

link between the size of hippocampus and usage

A

grows from more use

Psychology (5 decks)

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