memory Flashcards
coding
the format in which information is stored in the various memo stores
capacity
the amount of information that can be held in a memory store
duration
the lengths of time information can be held in a memory store
short-term memory
limited capacity memory store acoustic coding with capacity between 5 and 9 items and a duration of 18 to 30 seconds
long term memory
permanent memory store semantic coding with unlimited capacity and a duration of up to a lifetime
Baddeley
research coding
acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically dissimilar semantically dissimilar
immediate recall acoustic sounding words weren’t remembered well suggesting STM is acoustically coded.
delayed recall semantically sounding words were not remembered well suggesting LTM is semantically coded
Jacobs
capacity of STM
measure digit span
mean span for digits across participants was 9.3 items. mean span for letters across participants was7.3
miller
capacity of STM
things that come in sevens
digit span technique chunked into groups
people can recall 5 words/5 letters
magical number 7
Peterson and Peterson
STM
24 students in 8 trials
consonant syllable/trigram such as BNT and a three digit number
count backwards to prevent rehearsal
stopped after 3,6,9,12 or 18 as a retention interval
stm lasts around 18 seconds
suggests short term memory may have a very short duration unless its rehersed
bahrick
LTM
photo recognition
free recall
90% accuracy for photo recognition within 15 years of graduation and 60% accuracy for free recall
after 48 years photo recognition was about 70% and 30% for free recall
LTM lasts very long
multi-store memory model
a representation of how memory works in terms of three stores called sensory register ,short term memory and long term memory.it describes how information is transferred from one store to another ,how it is remembered and how its forgotten
sensory register
the memory stores for each of our five senses ,such as vision and hearing . coding in the iconic sensory register is visual and in the echoic sensory register it is acoustic the capacity of the sensory register is huge and information lasts for a very short time-less than half a second
episodic memory
a long term memory store for personal events it includes memories of when the events occurred and of the people ,objects, places and behaviours involved. Memories from this store have to be retrieved consciously and with effort.
semantic memory
a long term memory store for our knowledge of the world. This includes facts and our knowledge of what words and concepts mean. These memories usually also need recalled deliberately.
procedural memory
a long term memory store for our knowledge of how to do things. this includes our memories of learned skills. We usually recall these memories without making a conscious or deliberate effort
