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psychology paper 1 > memory > Flashcards

memory Flashcards

1
Q

what is episodic memory

A

memory of events

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2
Q

what is semantic memory

A

memory of facts and knowledge

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3
Q

what is procedural memory

A

memory of how to do things

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4
Q

what did Tulving (1989) do and find

A

brain scans where he found that episodic memory was found in the frontal cortex and semantic memory was found at the back

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5
Q

what did Belleville (2006) do

A

devised intervention to improve episodic memory in elderly people (real world application)

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6
Q

what is the coding, capacity and duration of sensory memory

A

coding - modality specific (senses)
capacity - very high
duration - less than half a second

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7
Q

what is the coding, capacity and duration of short term memory

A

coding - acoustically
capacity - 5-9 items
duration - 18 secs

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8
Q

what is the coding, capacity and duration of long term memory

A

coding - semantically
capacity - unlimited
duration - lifetime

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9
Q

how does the multi store model of memory go

A

input –> sensory memory -attention-> short term memory - rehearsal-> long term memory
I I
V V
decay decay/displacement

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10
Q

who devised the multi store model of memory

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin

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11
Q

what kind of model is the multi store model

A

computer model

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12
Q

what is encoding

A

the way information is changed so it ca b stored in memory

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13
Q

what is capacity

A

how much information can be stored

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14
Q

what is duration

A

how long information can be stored for

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15
Q

what are 2 strengths of the multi store model

A

+ gives us a good understanding of the structure of short term memory

+ Glanzer et al demonstrated support for long term and short term memory being different stores

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16
Q

what is a weakness of the multi store model

A
  • can be argued to be oversimplified and potentially reductionist
17
Q

what are the two main types of memory?

A

declarative
procedural

18
Q

is declarative memory conscious or unconscious

A

conscious

19
Q

is procedural memory conscious or unconscious

A

unconcious

20
Q

what are the 2 subdivisions of declarative memory

A

episodic memory
semantic memory

21
Q

who found that semantic memory was recalled from the left prefrontal cortex and semantic from the right

A

peterson et al

22
Q

what did the introduction of the working memory model do

A

replaced the idea of a unitary short term memory and suggested multiple stores consisting of active processing and short term storage info

23
Q

what is a weakness of the working memory model

A
  • the central executive model has never been defined and is very vague (may be made up of sub components)
  • unable to explain musical memory
24
Q

what is a strength of the working memory model

A

+ objective evidence in support of the working memory model comes from PET scans which shows different areas of the brain activated when doing visual and verbal tasks

25
Q

what is interference

A

two sets of info becoming confused

26
Q

what is proactive interference

A

old info disrupts new info

27
Q

what is retroactive interference

A

new info interferes with old info

28
Q

when is interference more likely to occur

A

when memories are similar

29
Q

what did Chandler (1989) find

A

student who studied similar subjects at the same time were more likely to experience interference between those subjects

30
Q

what is the main weakness of interference theory

A

studies on interference have been almost entirely conducted in lab settings meaning the lack ecological validity

or

does not explain why information that isn’t similar is forgotten

31
Q

what is retrieval failure

A

argues that forgetting from long term memory is caused by failure to access memory due to a lack of cues

32
Q

what are the details of loftus and palmer 1974 study on eye witness testimony

A
  • shown videos of a car crash
  • asked questions on how fast the cars were going when they (insert changing verb here)
  • more aggressive verbs lead to an average 8.7mph faster guess
33
Q

what are the details of loftus and pickrell 1995 study

A

investigated how mislead info could create false memories
- 24 participants
- 18 - 53 years old
- 4 stories from the participants childhood
- 3 true 1 lie
- asked if they remember
- 29% recalled the false story

34
Q

what are the i,pacts of anxiety on eye witness testimony

A

both positive and negative

35
Q

what did Johnson and Scott (1976) find

A

participants in high anxiety situations had a 16% lower rate of accurate recall

36
Q

what does Johnson and Scotts 1976 study help

A

can be used in court as a way of disproving testimony

37
Q

what is the cognitive interview

A

used by police to aid retrieval
- report every detail
- recreate the context
- recall events in a different order
- recall events from a different POV
interviewer may try to reduce anxiety

psychology paper 1 (2 decks)

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