Memory Flashcards
Encoding
Perceiving, recognizing, and further processing an object so it can later be remembered
Information can be encoded/ changed in 3 ways
visual (images), acoustic (sounds), semantic (meaning)
Storage
transferring from STM to LTM, the way we store info affects how it is retrieved
Retrieval
Searching LTM and finding the event that has been stored and retrieved
3 Store theory of Memory
sensory, stm, and Ltm
Multi-store model of memory Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
permits stimuli to be perceived, recognized, and entered into STM
Types of sensory memory
Iconic: visual stimuli
Ecoic: auditory
Haptic: Tactile
STM
temporarily storing info required to develop complex cog. tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension
LTM
info stored over an extended period
Serial Position Effect
-Primary effect: words from beginning of list are recalled (LTM)
- Recency effect: words from end of list are recalled (STM)
Anterograde Amnesia
loss of memory after event, inability to store new info inSTM, patients show normal memory for events before incident
- hippocampus is in charge of new info
Korsakoff Syndrome Amnesia
severe anterograde amnesia due to thiamine deficiency = alcohol abuse
Retrograde Amnesia
inability to recall events that occurred before the event that causes the amnesia
Memory consolidation
stabilizes memory traces
- synaptic consolidation (within the first few hrs of learning) and
-system consolidation (hippocampus-dependent memories)
Long-term potentiation
allows a synapse to increase in strength and creates an increase number of signals transmitted between the 2 neurons
Dual-coding theory
info stored in LTM using verbal and imaginal codes is going to be easily remembered
Phonological similarity effect
recall words the more familiar or frequent they are, or category
Why we forget
decay: no rehearsal
displacement: old memories are replaced by new ones
interference:
proactive = when old memories interfere with new ones
retroactive interference = when new info distorts old memories
