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Neuro Rehab > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

memory impairments following brain injury is regarded as…

A

one of the most debilitating and handicapping of cognitive deficits

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2
Q

stages of memory

A
  1. attention
  2. encoding
  3. storage
  4. retrieval
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3
Q

attention

A

-process that allows the person to gain access to incoming information
-have to have this in order to learn something

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4
Q

encoding

A

coding or registering the information

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5
Q

storage

A

-where you can access it later
-will process it more deeply here

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6
Q

retrieval

A

-recall (remember the specific answer to the question)
-recognition (given options to a question)
-when you do this with information, you will use a strategy consistent with how it was originally stored

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7
Q

neuroanatomy: attention

A

-brainstem
-thalamic structures in frontal lobe

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8
Q

neuroanatomy: encoding

A

-thalamus in frontal lobe (language systems - wernicke’s, broca’s)

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9
Q

neuroanatomy: storage

A

-hippocampus
-temporal lobes

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10
Q

neuroanatomy: retrieval

A

frontal lobes

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11
Q

memory taxonomies

A

time-dependent, content-dependent, everyday memory

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12
Q

memory taxonomies: time-dependent

A

short term
long term

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13
Q

memory taxonomy: content-dependent

A

semantic
episodic
procedural

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14
Q

memory taxonomies: everyday memory

A

prospective memory
metamemory

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15
Q

the “classic model”

A

-flow of information from the environment via brief sensory memories -> short-term -> eventually into permanent storage
-not highly regarded
-not accepted

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16
Q

short term memory

A

-unit of measurement = chunk
-recently process sensory input
-information recently retrieved from LTM
-the result of recent mental processing

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17
Q

working memory

A

-active manipulation of information
-problem solving
-functional examples: trouble following directions, solving problems with information, issues generalizing topics
-happening in the moment**

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18
Q

chunking

A

hold about 7 +/- 2 items in your memory at once

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19
Q

central executive

A

-plans, retrieves LTM, decision-making
-CEO
-integrating information

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20
Q

phonological loop

A

holds verbal and auditory information (speech and sound component of working memory)

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21
Q

visuospatial sketchpad

A

holds visual and spatial information

22
Q

episodic buffer

A

-integrates information with LTM and chunks info
-“packages” info to optimize ability to store/retrieve later

23
Q

long-term memory

A

-relatively permanent (but is impacted when there is dementia present)
-declarative
-non-declarative

24
Q

declarative

A

-aka explicit
semantic
episodic

25
Q

semantic

A

-knowledge of facts and events
-facts, vocab
-ex: dates of holidays, remembering the name of the president, remembering 9/11

26
Q

episodic

A

-memory of events
-autobiographical, contextually specific events
-personal experiences
-watching an episode of your life
ex: remembering the day’s events

27
Q

non-declarative

A

-implicit
-skills, habits, conditioning

28
Q

procedural memory

A

-implicit knowledge of skills
-how-to knowledge
-perceptual-motor skills

29
Q

priming

A

-improvement in a task when previously exposed to info
-increased probability of correct response
ex: reading textbook chapters ahead of class

30
Q

perceptual learning

A

-recognize and identify stimuli
-sound, objects, tastes, smells

31
Q

non-associative learning

A

-like habituation
-change in a response without a positive/negative reinforcer
-ex: tactile desensitization

32
Q

non-declarative memory concepts

A

-procedural memory
-priming
-perceptual learning
-simple classical conditioning
-non-associative learning

33
Q

prospective memory

A

-remembering to perform a task in the future
-frontal lobe function required

34
Q

time-based prospective memory

A

remembering to take meds at 8am

35
Q

event-based prospective memory

A

-in response to an external cue
-ex: remembering to turn computers on when professor walks in the room; turn phone off

36
Q

types of prospective memory

A

time-based, event-based, activity based

37
Q

what type of memory is critical for independent living

A

prospective memory

38
Q

prospective memory steps

A
  1. formation of an intention
  2. remembering the intention
  3. remembering when to do it
  4. remembering to perform the action
  5. actually performing the action at the correct time and place and in the correct manner
  6. remembering that task was performed after completion
39
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

-difficulty recalling memories formed an stored prior to the disease onset
-results in the inability to remember things like: autobiographic information (name, birthday), address

40
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

-inability to recall information learned after acquired brain damage (inability to form memories)
-results in an inability to recall things like not going to remember staff names in hospital, not going to remember how to call nurse with call light

41
Q

metamemory

A

-awareness of your own memory abilities
-knowing when you need to compensate for memory capacity

42
Q

rivermead behavioral memory test

A

-used to predict everyday life memory problems
-global memory
-includes items related to prospective memory
-yields 2 scores: screening score, profile score
-used mostly by speech therapists

43
Q

contextual memory test developed to assess

A

-awareness of memory capacity
-strategy of memory use
-recall

44
Q

contextual memory test: awareness of memory capacity

A

general questioning prior to the assessment, predicting performance prior, will tell you how they think they did after

45
Q

contextual memory test: strategy of memory use

A

-determine ability to benefit from strategies which will guide intervention
-assessing how they use different strategies during the test

46
Q

contextual memory test: recall

A

recalling drawings

47
Q

short blessed test

A

-overall cognition including areas of orientation, memory, concentration
-screening tool
-not for diagnosis
-population - anyone who is at risk for cognitive impairment that is associated with memory and concentration (dementia, Alzheimer’s)

48
Q

everyday memory questionnaire

A

-35 items describing a memory failure
-rate for frequency (how many times in a day are you forgetting someone’s name)

49
Q

the comprehensive assessment of prospective memory

A

frequency of memory failures and perceived amount of concern they have for their lapses in memory

50
Q

prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire - free, public, domain

A

-self report
-variety
-everyday life situations
-norms published - helpful for scoring

51
Q

prospective memory questionnaire scales

A

-short-term habitual
-long-term episodic
-internally cued prospective memory
-techniques to remember
-self-reported errors

Neuro Rehab (5 decks)

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