Memory Flashcards
what famous patient lent great insight into hippocampal dependent memory
HM had both hippocampal regions removed
HM had bike accident when a child, had epileptic fits and didn’t respond to drugs.
Experimental surgery on his brain -
Bilateral resection of the medial temporal lobe, to relieve severe epilepsy
Profound memory impairment (scenes, words, faces)
Learnt a hand – eye coordination skill (mirror drawing) over a period of 3 days (motor skills?).(wouldn’t remember learning it but would get better at it
what is priming (nondeclarative memory)
a phenomenon in which previous stimuli influence how people react to subsequent stimuli
(improves ability to detect produce or classify an item)
encoding new information requires which brain structure
medial temporal lobe
what are the two types of long term memory
declarative and nondeclarative
what are the two types of declarative memory
episodic (events) and semantic (facts) memory
what structure processes declarative memory
medial temporal lobe and diencephalon
what are the 4 types of nondeclarative memory
procedural memory
priming
simple classical conditioning
nonassociative memory (habituation/ sensitisation)
where is procedural memory processed
basal ganglia
what is procedural memory
a type of long-term memory involved in the performance of different actions and skills
(habits)
(characterised by automatized, repetitive behaviour
what is an engram
the physical embodiment of any memory in neuronal machinery
what does an engram depend on
changes in synaptic connections and/or actual growth and reordering of such connections
what brain structure is associated with priming
neocortex
what area of the brain is associated with simple classical conditioning
amygdala and cerebellum
what part of the central nervous system is involved in habituation and sensitisation
reflex pathways
how is declarative memory expressed
expressed through recollection
how is nondeclarative memory expressed
expressed as personality or attitude and through performance
what is nonassoiative memory
a process in which an organism’s behavior toward a specific stimulus changes over time in the absence of any evident link to (association with) consequences or other stimuli that would induce such change
(based on frequency)
which type of long term memory is more malleable
declarative
what are the unimodal and polymodal association areas that input to the cortex
frontal temporal and parietal lobes (sounds smell vision)
which cortices study objects and scenes of declarative memory
The perirhinal cortex studies objects and the Para-hippocampal cortex recognizes scenes.
.
how do the recognition of objects and scenes get processed in declarative memory
the perirhinal cortex (objects) and the parahippocampal cortex project to the entorhinal cortex which brings them both into the hippocampus (through into the trisynaptic circuit)
what are the parts of the trisynaptic circuit in the hippocampus
Tri-synaptic circuit in hippocampus is the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1.