memory

Question 1

memory (esr)

Answer 1

information and learning that has persisted over time through encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 2

esr

Answer 2

encoding
storage
retrieval

Question 3

encoding

Answer 3

must attend to encode
- selective attention: eliminate interferance

transforming info to a form that can be stored in memory

Question 4

storage

Answer 4

• consolidation and retaining
• memory is formed - physiological changes (hippocampus)
• can be disrupted by loss of consciousness

maintaining information in memory

Question 5

retrieval

Answer 5

previously learned material accessed from LTM to WM

bringing stored material to mind

Question 6

Atkinson-shiffrin model is known by what name

Answer 6

information processing model of memory

Question 7

what are the components of information processing model of memory

Answer 7

• sensory memory
• short-term memory ‘working memory’
• long-term memory

Question 8

length of sensory memory

Answer 8

fleeting

• visual SM (iconic) - less than 1sec
• auditory SM (echoic) - abt 2sec

Question 9

short-term memory

Answer 9

• capacity of 5-9 bits of info, less that 30secs without rehearsal
• when at capacity, displacement occurs
• retain info with repetition/rehearsal.. if no, we forget (decay)
• transfer to LTM with elaborative rehearsal

Question 10

long-term memory

Answer 10

• lasts a lifetime. unlimited capacity. relatively permanent.
• retrieved into working memory to forgotten.

Question 11

saving score

Answer 11

takes 50% less time to learn smt the second time

Question 12

serial position effect

Answer 12

• primacy effect: first few (best recalled later)

- recency effect: last few (immediate)

Question 13

name processing strategies

Answer 13

• chunking

- mnemonics

Question 14

chunking

Answer 14

organizing items into familiar and manageable units

Question 15

mnemonics

Answer 15

memory aids

includes techniques that often use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Question 16

dual track processing

Answer 16

s18

Question 17

types of memory in parallel processing

Answer 17

implicit (nondeclarative)

explicit (declarative)

Question 18

implicit (nondeclarative) memory

Answer 18

• retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations, without conscious awareness
• automatic processing bypasses conscious encoding: space, time, sequence, frequency, skills, fears

Question 19

explicit (declarative) memory

Answer 19

• retention of facts and personal events that can be consciously retrieved
• effortful processing

Question 20

long term memory model

Answer 20

s20

Question 21

types of explicit memory

Answer 21

• semantic

- episodic

Question 22

explicit memory where

Answer 22

frontal lobes, hippocampus

Question 23

explicit memory stores what. conscious process?

Answer 23

facts, personal experiences. conscious/active process

Question 24

semantic memory

Answer 24

general knowledge, objective facts and info
not directly linked to life events.
10x10 = 100

Question 25

episodic memory

Answer 25

autobiographical events or sequences of events

Question 26

implicit memory where

Answer 26

cerebellum, basal ganglia

Question 27

implicit memory stores what. conscious process?

Answer 27

• not consciously aware of using memory
• motor skills, habits, CC’d associations
• procedural memory
• conditioning/ emotional
• priming

Question 28

retaining info

• capacity?
• stored in one spot?

Answer 28

limitless

not stored in one spot.

Question 29

consolidation

Answer 29

explicit memories are processed in the hippocampus and fed to other brain regions for storage.

Question 30

spacing effect

Answer 30

distributed study or practice beats masses study or practice (cramming)

Question 31

testing effect

Answer 31

testing improves learning (and testing)

• practiced retrieval is more effective than just rereading
• make it meaningful - thinking and relating increases retention
• -self reference effect: meaning fun info required one-tenth the effort

Question 32

flashbulb memory

Answer 32

• memories in emotionally charged times, paired with hormone release & involvement of the amygdalae set memories
• vivid, emotional

Question 33

ways to measure retention

Answer 33

recall
recognition
relearning

Question 34

recall

Answer 34

retrieval cues. fill in the blank test

Question 35

recognition

Answer 35

previously learned info with retrieval cues: name, face, taste, mc test

Question 36

relearning

Answer 36

reinforcing info learned

- saving score method.. relearn it in half the time