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Psychology > memory > Flashcards

memory Flashcards

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1
Q

input

A

is the process of processing information from the environment from our five senses

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2
Q

process

A

refers to analysing the information we have receive and referees the relationship between input and output

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3
Q

output

A

is the consequences of the analysis of the input

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4
Q

what are the major process involved memory

A

encoding, storage, retrieval

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5
Q

encoding

A

its the process of forming sensory input into a memory trace is called encoding

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6
Q

storage

A

where registered experiences are stored

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7
Q

retrieval

A

refers to the process of accessing stored memories so that they can be used

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8
Q

ways which information cAN BE stored

A

visual ,acoustic , semantic

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9
Q

duration

A

how long we can keep information in our memory

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10
Q

capacity

A

refers to how much we can hold in or memory

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11
Q

short term memory features

A

limited capacity, 5-9 items, duration of 15-20 seconds

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12
Q

long term memory features

A

unlimited capacity, unlimited duration upto a lifetime

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13
Q

chunking

A

reducing long string of information to shorter manageable chunks in order to remember it

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14
Q

Availability

A

refers to the storage of memory

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15
Q

accessibility

A

refers to its retrieval , how well we can get at that memory

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16
Q

procedural memory

A

knowledge on how to do things

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17
Q

semantic memory

A

knowledge of what things means

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18
Q

declarative memory

A

is knowledge of things/factual information

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19
Q

episodic memory

A

includes experiences in our life

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20
Q

amnesia

A

is the loss of memory after an injury

21
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

when people are unable to remember pre existing memory prior to the injury

22
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

when people are unable to store new information after an injury but are able to remember preexisting memory

23
Q

hippocampus

A

refers to an area of the brain that transfers memories form STM TO LTM

24
Q

Schema

A

is a package of knowledge that helps us organise and interpret information

25
Q

reconstructive memory

A

is the act of remembering something using number of other factors

26
Q

serial reproduction

A

its a method which duplicates the process bu which rumours are spread from generation to generation

27
Q

confabulation

A

is a memory error which a person confuses imagined or made-up scenarios with actual memories

28
Q

strength of reconstructive memory

A

The theory has helped the police understand that eye witness testimony is unreliable. This has meant that the police can change the way that they interview witnesses to ensure they are consistent.

29
Q

weakness

A

Bartlett was not particularly scientific in his procedures. He was interested in each participant’s unique memories, rather than the use of standardised procedures and controls. This may weaken the research that was used to form the theory.

30
Q

sensory register

A

immediate memory storage that takes information from our five senses

31
Q

visual memory

A

holds image we see for less than a second

32
Q

auditory memory

A

holds a sound for a little longer ,a few seconds

33
Q

Attention

A

Taking notice of an event or information.

34
Q

Rehearsal

A

repeating information to increase the duration of a memory

35
Q

Retrieval

A

Recalling a memory

36
Q

Decay

A

Forgetting information in the long term memory as it has broken down

37
Q

Displacement

A

Forgetting information in the short term memory due to incoming information

38
Q

a serial position curve

A

shows the tendency of a person to recall the first and last terms best and middle worst

39
Q

primacy effect

A

when participants recall the first words well

40
Q

recency effect

A

when a participants recall the last words well

41
Q

asymptote

A

it means when middle portion of list is remembered less well than this at the end or beginning

42
Q

strength of msm

A

Has Support: Case studies of patients with brain damage shows distinct separate STM and LTM stores

43
Q

weakness of msm

A

No Freewill: Not all information is rehearsed and transferred into LTM, it can decay and displace.

44
Q

Omissions

A

We leave out unfamiliar, unpleasant or irrelevant details

45
Q

Transformations

A

Details are changed to make them more rational (make sense)

46
Q

Familiarisation

A

We change unfamiliar details to align with our own schema

47
Q

Rationalisation

A

We add details to our recall to give a reason for something that may not have originally fitted with a schema

48
Q

Assimilation

A

the cognitive process of fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding

Psychology (5 decks)

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