memory

Question 1

Research on coding

Answer 1

Baddeley, words acoustically similar and words acoustically dissimilar, words semantically similar and words semantically dissimilar. When recalling lists immediately participants did worst recalling lists that were acoustically similar. When recalling lists after 20 minutes participants tended to do worst recalling semantically similar. (stm - acoustically coded ltm - semantically encoded)

Question 2

Evaluation for research on coding

Answer 2

lack of ecological validity due to artificial stimuli, unable to generalise findings

Question 3

Research on capacity

Answer 3

Technique to measure digit span, researcher reads out a certain amount of digits and participant repeats these in correct order, if participant gets it right amount of digits increases. Chunking makes easier to remember, grouping sets of digits or letters into units/chunks, Miller suggested that 7 items is the capacity of stm.

Question 4

Evaluation for research into capacity

Answer 4

Lack of validity, conducted a long time ago when there was a lack of control, participants may have been distracted therefore confounding variables
May have overestimated the capacity of STM, been concluded that capacity was only about four chunks.

Question 5

Research on duration of stm

Answer 5

Peterson and Peterson
each student given a consonant syllable to remember and a 3 digit number and then asked to count backwards to prevent any rehearsal of consonant syllable
found very short duration without verbal rehearsal

Question 6

Evaluation of research on duration of stm

Answer 6

stimulus was artificial, trying to memorise consonant syllables don’t reflect real-life memory therefore lack of external validity

Question 7

Research on duration of ltm

Answer 7

Bahrick et al.
High school yearbooks used
recall tested using photo recognition from yearbook and free recall (recalling names)
After 48 years recall declined for photo recognition and free recall was less however it shows that ltm memory can last a very long time

Question 8

Evaluation of research on duration of ltm

Answer 8

High external validity
real-life memories studied
this means that confounding variables aren’t controlled e.g. participants may have done rehearsal often