Memorize

Question 1

What philosophical movement rejected the belief in enduring social laws based on rational principles in the 19th century?

Answer 1

Positivism

Question 2

Which philosopher argued that the world is driven by either will or idea?

Answer 2

Schopenhauer

Question 3

Who made the strongest case for the preeminence of will?

Answer 3

Nietzsche

Question 4

What term did Nietzsche use to describe the real accomplishment possible only for the űbermensch?

Answer 4

Superman

Question 5

What shocking assertion did Nietzsche announce regarding dogmatic truth about religion?

Answer 5

God is Dead

Question 6

How did Nietzsche characterize Christianity in terms of moral characteristics?

Answer 6

Slave morality

Question 7

What term did Nietzsche use to describe the way the masses view the world?

Answer 7

Herd mentality

Question 8

According to Nietzsche, life is largely the meaningless business of suffering and striving, driven by what?

Answer 8

Irrational forces

Question 9

What philosophy is exemplified by Nietzsche’s statement, ‘Dare to become what you are’?

Answer 9

Existentialism

Question 10

In which novel does Tolstoy explore the theme of pre-modern spiritual values versus modern constructs?

Answer 10

The Death of Ivan Ilych

Question 11

What does Tolstoy see as the inevitable consequence of secularism in dealing with mortality?

Answer 11

Depersonalization / Denial

Question 12

What does Tolstoy’s story comment on, emphasizing the need to reconnect with pre-modern spiritual values?

Answer 12

Age of Reason

Question 13

According to Tolstoy, what did Ivan Ilych waste his life on by focusing on work and acquisition?

Answer 13

Public sphere

Question 14

Who established the modern science of geology?

Answer 14

Charles Lyell

Published The Principles of Geology in 11 revised editions.

Question 15

Who argued that the Earth was immeasurably old, contrary to Bishop James Usher’s 6,000-year time frame?

Answer 15

James Hutton

Question 16

Which Frenchman developed an early theory of evolution in his Zoological Philosophy?

Answer 16

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 17

Who signed on as the ship’s botanist on the HMS Beagle expedition?

Answer 17

Charles Darwin

Question 18

What is Charles Darwin’s key contribution to evolutionary theory?

Answer 18

Natural Selection

Question 19

What was the title of the work published in 1879 that controversially suggested humans evolved from apes?

Answer 19

Descent of Man

Question 20

What school of thought developed a vision of evolutionary theory to support racist and sexist policies?

Answer 20

Social Darwinism

Question 21

Who promoted competition to weed out the ‘unfit’ in society and authored Social Darwinism?

Answer 21

Herbert Spencer

Question 22

What famous book did Rudyard Kipling write as a defense of social Darwinism?

Answer 22

White Man’s Burden

Question 23

Who applied the ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest to humanity?

Answer 23

Social Darwinists

Question 24

Which Augustinian monk asked how Darwin’s useful traits are passed on to the next generation?

Answer 24

Gregor Mendel

Question 25

What concept is associated with genetic inheritance in Mendel's studies of pea plants?

Answer 25

Genes

Question 26

Who wrote The White Man’s Burden arguing that superior nations would bring light to the 'darkest corners of the earth'?

Answer 26

Rudyard Kipling

Question 27

Which empire was problematic due to encompassing many peoples of different traditions and languages?

Answer 27

Austrian Empire

Question 28

What event in 1871 upset the balance of power on the Continent for generations?

Answer 28

Unification of Germany

Question 29

What were the customs unions formed by German states for trade called?

Answer 29

Zollverein

Question 30

Who argued that each people has its own unique cultural unity?

Answer 30

Johann Gottfried von Herder

Question 31

What concept introduced a new, less inclusive form of nationalism?

Answer 31

Volksgeist

Question 32

Who believed in a scientific approach to human problems to produce accurate laws for society?

Answer 32

Auguste Comte

Question 33

What prompted John Stuart Mill to write The Subjection of Women?

Answer 33

Failure of the Women’s suffrage bill

Question 34

The new imperialism brought direct rule by European nations to which regions?

Answer 34

* Africa * Asia * India

Question 35

Who was the architect of German unity and held the Berlin Conferences?

Answer 35

Otto von Bismarck

Question 36

What crucial choice did Benjamin Disraeli present for England?

Answer 36

Either insignificant in world affairs or an imperial power

Question 37

Who cornered the diamond market and claimed a vast territory named Rhodesia?

Answer 37

Cecil Rhodes

Question 38

Which Hindu leader advocated non-cooperation with the British?

Answer 38

B.G. Tilak

Question 39

Which two groups joined to create a power reform movement in India in 1906?

Answer 39

Indian National Congress and Muslim League

Question 40

What practice did Gandhi conclude was the only way to resist oppression?

Answer 40

Ahimsa

Question 41

What technique of passive resistance did Gandhi develop?

Answer 41

Satyagraha

Question 42

Whose reign was noted for brutal treatment of workers, including cutting off hands for unmet quotas?

Answer 42

Leopold II (King Leopold of Belgium)

Question 43

Who trained his guns on Tokyo to demand Japan open itself to diplomacy?

Answer 43

Commodore Matthew Perry

Question 44

Which man helped Japan emerge from feudalism by overthrowing the Shogun-Tokugawa?

Answer 44

Sakamoto Ryoma

Question 45

What is the term for the end of Shogunate authority and restoration of imperial power in Japan?

Answer 45

Meiji Restoration

Question 46

What wars did the British defeat China in, leading to the Treaty of Nanking?

Answer 46

Opium Wars

Question 47

Which country did Japan defeat in a war over Manchuria, shocking Europe and Asia?

Answer 47

Russia

Question 48

What group of Chinese peasants believed in ritual boxing to protect them from European bullets?

Answer 48

Boxers (Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists)

Question 49

Who led the revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty in 1911 and declared China a republic?

Answer 49

Sun Yat-Sen

Question 50

What term describes the accelerated pace of life and decline of social order in the 19th century?

Answer 50

Modernity

Question 51

What term is used to describe the 19th-century approach to art?

Answer 51

Modernism / Modern Art