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Memorization Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the multiples of the following SI units?
- nano
- micro
- mili
- centi
- kilo
- mega

A
  • nano: 10^-9
  • micro:10^-6
  • mili:10^-3
  • centi:10^-2
  • kilo:10^3
  • mega:10^6
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2
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum in order from shortest to longest wavelength?
What does this mean in regard to frequency and energy?

A

gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet, visible light (ROYGBV backwards, violet is shortest) , infared, microwaves, radio waves
means frequency and energy decrease the longer the wavelength is

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3
Q

what are the following groups on the PT called?
- group 1
- group 2
- group 7
- d block
- p block (except group 8)
- f block
- group 8

A
  • group 1= alkali metals
  • group 2= alkaline earth metals
  • group 7= halogens
  • d block= transition metals
  • p block (except group 8)= representative elements
  • f block= rare earth metals
  • group 8= noble gases
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4
Q

where are metals located on the PT?

A

to the left of metalloids

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5
Q

where are nonmetals located on the PT?

A

upper right

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6
Q

what are the following properties of metals?
-ionization energy
-electronegativity
-valence electrons
-redox reactions

A

-ionization energy= low
-electronegativity= low
-valence electrons= easily lost
-redox reactions= good reducing agents

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7
Q

what are the following properties of nonmetals?
-ionization energy
-electronegativity
-valence electrons
-redox reactions

A

-ionization energy= high
-electronegativity= high
-valence electrons= easily gained
-redox reactions= good oxidizing agents

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8
Q

what are the following properties of metals?
-thermal conductance
-electrical conductance
-appearance
-at room temp

A

-thermal conductance= high
-electrical conductance= high
-appearance= metallic luster, shiny
-at room temp= solid (except Hg), malleable and ductile

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9
Q

what are the following properties of nonmetals?
-thermal conductance
-electrical conductance
-appearance
-at room temp

A

-thermal conductance= low
-electrical conductance= low
-appearance= dull but can be colorful
-at room temp= solid, liquid or gas, brittle

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10
Q

what elements on the PT are metalloids?

A

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

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11
Q

what is the order of electronegativity of the following random elements:
- O
- I
- F
- H
- N
- Cl
- C
- S
- Br

A

F > O > N > Cl > Br > I > S > C > H

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12
Q

if the # of electron pairs on a central atom is 0, what are the requirements for the following?
- geometric families
- shapes
- bond angles

A
  • geometric families= linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bypyramidal, octahedral
  • shapes= linear, trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, octahedral
  • bond angles= 180, 120, 109.5, 90 120 180, 90 180
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13
Q

if the # of electron pairs on a central atom is 1, what are the requirements for the following?
- geometric families
- shapes
- bond angles

A
  • geometric families= trigonal planar, tetrahedral
  • shapes= bent, trigonal pyramidal
  • bond angles= 116, 107
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14
Q

if the # of electron pairs on a central atom is 2, what are the requirements for the following?
- geometric families
- shapes
- bond angles

A
  • geometric family= tetrahedral
  • shape= bent
  • bond angle= 104.5
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15
Q

what is the phase change of gas to liquid?

A

condensation

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16
Q

what is the phase change of liquid to gas?

A

vaporization (boiling)

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17
Q

what is the phase change of liquid to solid?

A

crystallization (freezing)

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18
Q

what is the phase change of solid to liquid?

A

fusion (melting)

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19
Q

what is the phase change of gas to solid?

A

deposition

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20
Q

what is the phase change of solid to gas?

A

sublimination

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21
Q

within phase changes, as heat is absorbed (solid > liquid > gas), what happens to the following:
- kinetic energy
- entropy

A

both increase

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22
Q

within phase changes, as heat is released (gas > liquid > solid), what happens to the following:
- kinetic energy
- entropy

A

both decrease

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23
Q

what is 1 mole of gas at STP?

A

22.4L

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24
Q

what is 1atm in torr and Hg?

A

760 for both

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25
Q

what are standard state conditions for the following?
- kelvin
- Celsius
- atm
- M

A
  • 298 kelvin
  • 25 Celsius
  • 1 atm
  • 1 M
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26
Q

what salts are soluble/ insoluble in water?

A
  • all group 1( Li^+, Na^+, K^+, Rb^+, Cs^+) and ammonium (NH4^+)
  • all nitrate (NO3^-), perchlorate (ClO4^-), and acetate (C2H3O2^-)
  • all silver (Ag+), lead (Pb^2+/ Pb^4+), and mercury (Hg2^2+)/ Hg^2+) are INSOLUBLE except for their nitrates, perchlorates and acetates
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27
Q

in the reaction
aA + bB = cC + dD,
what is the formula for the reaction quotient (Q)?
- what do the capital letters represent?
- are these values at equilibrium? if they are, what is Q equal to?

A

Q= [C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b
- the molar concentrations
- No
- Keq

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28
Q

what does the comparison of Keq and Q tell us?
- what happens if Q is less than Keq?
- what happens if Q is greater than Keq?
- the reaction strives to reach….

A

the direction in which the reaction will proceed
- the reaction proceeds towards the products to increase Q to the Keq value
- the reaction proceeds towards the reactants
- a state in which Q = Keq

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29
Q

what does an acid do?

A

ionize in water to produce hydrogen ions

30
Q

what does a base do?

A

ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions

31
Q

what is a bronsted lowry acid?

A

proton donor

32
Q

what is a bronsted lowry base?

A

proton acceptor

33
Q

what is a lewis acid?

A

electron pair acceptor

34
Q

what is a lewis base?

A

electron pair donor

35
Q

what is a conjugate base?

A

the remaining structure when a bronsted lowry acid donates its protons

36
Q

what is a conjugate acid?

A

the species made when a bronsted lowry base bonds with protons

37
Q

what are the 6 common strong acids?

A
  • HI
  • HBr
  • HCl
  • HClO4
  • H2SO4
  • HNO3
38
Q

what are the 4 common groups of strong bases?

A
  • group 1 hydroxides (ex; NaOH)
  • group 1 oxides (ex; Li2O)
  • some group 2 hydroxides (Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2)
  • metal amides (ex; NaNH2)
39
Q

in terms of spontaneity,
- when GFE is less than zero…
- when GFE is equal to zero…
- when GFE is more than zero…

A
  • spontaneous in forward direction
  • reaction is at equilibrium
  • nonspontaneous in forward direction
40
Q

when H and S are + and GFE is -, the reaction is….

A

spontaneous

41
Q

when H and S are + and GFE is - at sufficiently high T and + at low T, the reaction is….

A

spontaneous at high T and nonspontaneous at low T

42
Q

when H and S are - and GFE is + at high T and - at sufficiently low T, the reaction is….

A

nonspontaneous at high T and spontaneous at low T

43
Q

when H is +, S is -, and GFE is +, the reaction is….

A

nonspontaneous

44
Q

at standard state, which elements are liquid?

A

Hg and Br

45
Q

at standard state, which elements are gases?

A

H, N, O, F, Cl, and all noble gases

46
Q

what are the 7 diatomic elements?

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

47
Q

what is an isobaric process?

A

pressure of the system stays constant, volume and temperature change relative to each other

48
Q

what is an isochoric process?

A

volume of the system stays constant, temperature and pressure change relative to each other

49
Q

what is an isothermal process?

A

temperature of the system stays constant, pressure and volume change relative to each other

50
Q

what is an adiabatic process?

A

no heat flows in or out of the system; pressure, volume, and temperature all change relative to each other

51
Q

what is 1000L in m^3?

A

1m^3

52
Q

what is 1L in cm^3?

A

1000cm^3

53
Q

what is 1mL in cm^3?
- in cc?

A

1cm^3, 1cc

54
Q

what is 1g in amu?

A

6.022 x 10^23 amu

55
Q

what is 1amu in kg?

A

1.66 x 10^-27 kg

56
Q

what is 1 cal in J?

A

4.2 J

57
Q

what is 1 atm in torr?
- in mmHg?

A

760 torr, 760 mmHg

58
Q

what is the density of liquid water?

A

1 g/cm^3

59
Q

what is avogadros #?

A

6.022 x 10^23

60
Q

what is 1 mol of an ideal gas at STP?

A

22.4 L

61
Q

what is the formula for ideal gas law?
- what is the constant used here?

A

PV = nRT, 0.1L atm/mol K

62
Q

what is the formula for osmotic pressure?
- what is the constant used here?

A

pi = iMRT, 0.1L atm/mol K

63
Q

what is the equation that describes the relationship between GFE and equilibrium?
- what is the constant used here?

A

GFE = (-2.3RT[log Keq])*, 8.3 J/mol K

64
Q

Kw =

A

1.0 x 10^ -14

65
Q

what is faradays constant?

A

96,500 C/mol e-*

66
Q

what formula is used to calculate moles?

A

n = m/ M

67
Q

what is the formula for formal charge?

A

FC = # valence electrons - lines - dots

68
Q

what is the formula for mass energy equivalence?

A

E = mc^2

69
Q

what is the formula for Molarity?

A

M = n (solute) / V (solution)

70
Q

what is the formula for Molality?

A

m = n (solute) / m (solvent)

Gen Chem (13 decks)

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