Memorization Flashcards
What are the multiples of the following SI units?
- nano
- micro
- mili
- centi
- kilo
- mega
- nano: 10^-9
- micro:10^-6
- mili:10^-3
- centi:10^-2
- kilo:10^3
- mega:10^6
What is the electromagnetic spectrum in order from shortest to longest wavelength?
What does this mean in regard to frequency and energy?
gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet, visible light (ROYGBV backwards, violet is shortest) , infared, microwaves, radio waves
means frequency and energy decrease the longer the wavelength is
what are the following groups on the PT called?
- group 1
- group 2
- group 7
- d block
- p block (except group 8)
- f block
- group 8
- group 1= alkali metals
- group 2= alkaline earth metals
- group 7= halogens
- d block= transition metals
- p block (except group 8)= representative elements
- f block= rare earth metals
- group 8= noble gases
where are metals located on the PT?
to the left of metalloids
where are nonmetals located on the PT?
upper right
what are the following properties of metals?
-ionization energy
-electronegativity
-valence electrons
-redox reactions
-ionization energy= low
-electronegativity= low
-valence electrons= easily lost
-redox reactions= good reducing agents
what are the following properties of nonmetals?
-ionization energy
-electronegativity
-valence electrons
-redox reactions
-ionization energy= high
-electronegativity= high
-valence electrons= easily gained
-redox reactions= good oxidizing agents
what are the following properties of metals?
-thermal conductance
-electrical conductance
-appearance
-at room temp
-thermal conductance= high
-electrical conductance= high
-appearance= metallic luster, shiny
-at room temp= solid (except Hg), malleable and ductile
what are the following properties of nonmetals?
-thermal conductance
-electrical conductance
-appearance
-at room temp
-thermal conductance= low
-electrical conductance= low
-appearance= dull but can be colorful
-at room temp= solid, liquid or gas, brittle
what elements on the PT are metalloids?
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po
what is the order of electronegativity of the following random elements:
- O
- I
- F
- H
- N
- Cl
- C
- S
- Br
F > O > N > Cl > Br > I > S > C > H
if the # of electron pairs on a central atom is 0, what are the requirements for the following?
- geometric families
- shapes
- bond angles
- geometric families= linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bypyramidal, octahedral
- shapes= linear, trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, octahedral
- bond angles= 180, 120, 109.5, 90 120 180, 90 180
if the # of electron pairs on a central atom is 1, what are the requirements for the following?
- geometric families
- shapes
- bond angles
- geometric families= trigonal planar, tetrahedral
- shapes= bent, trigonal pyramidal
- bond angles= 116, 107
if the # of electron pairs on a central atom is 2, what are the requirements for the following?
- geometric families
- shapes
- bond angles
- geometric family= tetrahedral
- shape= bent
- bond angle= 104.5
what is the phase change of gas to liquid?
condensation
what is the phase change of liquid to gas?
vaporization (boiling)
what is the phase change of liquid to solid?
crystallization (freezing)
what is the phase change of solid to liquid?
fusion (melting)
what is the phase change of gas to solid?
deposition
what is the phase change of solid to gas?
sublimination
within phase changes, as heat is absorbed (solid > liquid > gas), what happens to the following:
- kinetic energy
- entropy
both increase
within phase changes, as heat is released (gas > liquid > solid), what happens to the following:
- kinetic energy
- entropy
both decrease
what is 1 mole of gas at STP?
22.4L
what is 1atm in torr and Hg?
760 for both
what are standard state conditions for the following?
- kelvin
- Celsius
- atm
- M
- 298 kelvin
- 25 Celsius
- 1 atm
- 1 M
what salts are soluble/ insoluble in water?
- all group 1( Li^+, Na^+, K^+, Rb^+, Cs^+) and ammonium (NH4^+)
- all nitrate (NO3^-), perchlorate (ClO4^-), and acetate (C2H3O2^-)
- all silver (Ag+), lead (Pb^2+/ Pb^4+), and mercury (Hg2^2+)/ Hg^2+) are INSOLUBLE except for their nitrates, perchlorates and acetates
in the reaction
aA + bB = cC + dD,
what is the formula for the reaction quotient (Q)?
- what do the capital letters represent?
- are these values at equilibrium? if they are, what is Q equal to?
Q= [C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b
- the molar concentrations
- No
- Keq
what does the comparison of Keq and Q tell us?
- what happens if Q is less than Keq?
- what happens if Q is greater than Keq?
- the reaction strives to reach….
the direction in which the reaction will proceed
- the reaction proceeds towards the products to increase Q to the Keq value
- the reaction proceeds towards the reactants
- a state in which Q = Keq