C2: Bonding Flashcards
Class 2
what is STP?
- what is the volume of 1 mol of gas at STP?
T= 273K or 0 degrees C, P= 1atm
- 1 mol of gas = 22.4L
what are standard state conditions for temperature and pressure?
T= 298K or 25 degrees C, P= 1 atm
metals tend to form ____ and usually have ____ oxidation states
cation; positive
are metals…
- ductile
- malleable
- good/bad thermal conductors
- good/bad electrical conductors
- yes
- yes
- good
- good
nonmetals have a ____ melting point than metals and form ____
lower; anions
metalloids have characteristics of ….
metals and nonmetals
what is an intramolecular bond?
- intermolecular bond?
- which of the 2 is stronger?
a bond within a molecule
- a bond between 2 molecules
- intramolecular bonds are much stronger
what is an ionic bond?
- a big difference in ____ is needed for these types of bonds
when a metal gives electrons to a nonmetal
- electronegativity
what is a covalent bond?
- if electronegativity is different, it is a…
(nonmetal + nonmetal)
nonmetals SHARE valence electrons to get an octet
- polar bond with a dipole moment
what is a polar bond?
when electron density between 2 nuclei is uneven (electronegativity difference) and a dipole moment exists
the greater the electronegativity difference, the greater the …
dipole moment
what is a coordinate covalent bond?
when one atom donates both of the electrons in a bond (lewis base) and another atom atom accepts electrons (lewis acid)
what happens when a coordinate covalent bond breaks?
the electrons that come from the lewis base will leave with that lewis base
if dipole exists on a molecule, the molecule must be ….
polar
what is an ion dipole bond?
- does this bond show a permanent or weak dipole?
a bond between an ion and a polar molecule
- permanent
what is a dipole- dipole bond?
- does this bond show a permanent or weak dipole?
a bond between 2 polar molecules
- permanent
what is a dipole induced dipole bond?
- does this bond show a permanent or weak dipole?
a bond between a polar molecule and a non polar molecule
- both
what is a london dispersion force bond?
- does this bond show a permanent or weak dipole?
- LDF is a ____ force
- ____ only experience LDF
a bond between 2 non- polar molecules
- weak
- default
- nonpolar
sort the following bonds from strongest to weakest:
- dipole induced dipole
- ion dipole
- LDF
- dipole dipole
from strongest to weakest:
- ion dipole
- dipole dipole
- dipole induced dipole
- LDF
what kinds of bonds are considered van der Waal forces?
dipole dipole, dipole induced dipole, LDF
____ bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force between neutral molecules. these types of bonds only occur between ….
hydrogen; N, O, F
for N, O or F…
- they donate ____ charges from their lone electrons
- are weak lewis ____
- are hydrogen bond ____
- negative
- bases
- acceptors
for a hydrogen bound to N, O or F…
- it has a partial ____ charge and accepts a ____ charge
- is a weak lewis ____
- is a hydrogen bond ____
- positive; negative
- acid
- donor
within a strong intermolecular force is it ….
- harder/easier to separate molecules during phase transitions
- higher/lower melting point
- higher/lower boiling point
- greater/smaller viscosity
- higher/lower vapor pressure
- harder
- higher
- higher
- greater
- lower
what is the formula for calculating the formal charge of an atom?
FC = V - 1/2B - L
V= # of valence electrons
B= # of bonding electrons
L= # of lone paired electrons
what is an ionic solid?
- are they strong/ weak?
held together by interactions between cations and anions
- strong
what is a network solid?
- are they strong/ weak?
atoms are connected by covalent bonds
- strong
what is a metallic solid?
- are they strong/ weak?
atoms are connected by covalent bonds and have sea of electrons called conduction electrons
- vary in stength
what is a molecular solid?
- are they strong/ weak?
held together by 3 types of intermolecular interactions: hydrogen bonding, dipole dipole forces, or LDF
- weak
what periodic trend (or trends) increases from left to right and bottom to top?
ionization energy and electronegativity
what periodic trend increases as it goes from right to left and top to bottom?
atomic radius
what periodic trend is the same as that of atomic radius?
nuclear shielding
what periodic trend becomes more negative from left to right and bottom to top?
electron affinity
what are the following groups called in the periodic table?
- group 1
- group 2
- group 7
- group 8
- alkali metals
- alkaline earth metals
- halogens
- noble gases
in regard to lewis structures,
- elements that are to the right of carbon on the PT….
- elements that are to the left of carbon on the PT….
- go by the octet rule
- give away/ share their valence electrons
formal charge is helpful for knowing if a ____ is correct
lewis dot structure
most lewis dot structures will give you a ____ of zero on each element, but sometimes it is not ____
formal charge; possible
STUDY VSEPR CHART
STUDY VSEPR CHART
