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AC - Spinal Palmer > Membranous Vertebral Column - Vertebral Foramen > Flashcards

Membranous Vertebral Column - Vertebral Foramen Flashcards

1
Q

The perichordal disc in the presumptive location of what adult feature?

A

The intervertebral disc

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2
Q

What is the earliest embryonic feature that will identify the position of the adult intervertebral disc?

A

The intrasclerotomal fissure of Von Ebner

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3
Q

The union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blasfema gives rise to what feature?

A

The vertebral blastema

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4
Q

What vessel will be identifies adjacent to het vertebral blastema?

A

The Segmental artery

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5
Q

When will cartilage first from in the membranous vertebral blastema?

A

Beginning in the 6th embryonic week

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6
Q

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage?

A

Chondrification

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7
Q

Chondrification is first identified in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?

A

The cervical region

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8
Q

What are the names given to the centers of chondrification within the vertebral blastema?

A

Centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center

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9
Q

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebra?

A

During the 7th embryonic week

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10
Q

Ossification begins in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?

A

The lower cervical-upper thoracic region

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11
Q

What is the name given to centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

A

Primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

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12
Q

What is the ratio of primary to secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

3 primary centers: 5 secondary centers

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13
Q

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a tympanic vertebra?

A

Centrum centers and neural arch centers

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14
Q

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the typical vertebra?

A

Three… 1 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches

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15
Q

What is the classification of the joint forming between primary centers of ossification?

A

Cartilage synchondrosis/ amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

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16
Q

What are the names of the synchondroses forming between primary centers of ossification in the typical vertebra?

A

Neurocentral synchondrosis and neural arch synchondrosis

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17
Q

What are the nemas of the 5 secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

Tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers

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18
Q

How many secondary centers of ossication appear in the typical vertebra?

A

5… 1 for the tip of each transverse process, 1 for the tip of the spinous process, 1 for each epiphyseal plate

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19
Q

What are the names of the synchondroses forming between secondary centers of ossification and the rest of the typical vertebra?

A

Tip of the transverse process synchondrosis, tip of the spinous process synchondrosis, and epiphyseal ring synchondrosis

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20
Q

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebra?

A

During puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old

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21
Q

What are the 3 basic Ossetia parts of a vertebra?

A

The vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions

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22
Q

What is formed by the vertebral body and vertebral arch?

A

The vertebral foramen

23
Q

What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

A 
Cervical = rectangular 
Thoracic = triangular
Lumbar = reniform (bean shaped)
24
Q

What is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

A

Superior epiphyseal rim and inferior epiphyseal rim

25
Q

What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?

A

Superior epiphyseal plate, inferior epiphyseal plate

26
Q

What are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body?

A

Nutrient foramina or vascular foramina

27
Q

What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body?

A

The basivertebral venous foramen

28
Q

What is the name of the vessel entering the nutrient or vascular foramen?

A

Osseous artery

29
Q

What is the name given to the large vessel exiting the back of the vertebral body?

A

The basivertebral vein

30
Q

What is the semicircular region of bone attached to the back of the vertebral body called?

A

The vertebral arch

31
Q

What is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch?

A

The pedicle

32
Q

What is the name given to the posterior part of the vertebral arch?

A

The lamina

33
Q

What is the name given to the intermediate part of the vertebral arch where the transverse process and articular processes attach?

A

The lamina pedicle junction

34
Q

What is the name given to the lamina - pedicle junction at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical = articular pillar

Thoracic and Lumbar = pars interarticularis

35
Q

What is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch - spinous process on lateral X-ray?

A

The spinolaminar junction

36
Q

What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?

A 
Cervical = Anterolateral
Thoracic = Posterolateral
Lumbar = Lateral
37
Q

All non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature?

A

The costal element

38
Q

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process?

A

The transverse tubercle

39
Q

What will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its intial direction in the cervical region?

A

Cervical nerves are pulled forward and downward to form the cervical and brachial plexuses these remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position.

40
Q

What will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

A

The growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backwards

41
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between articular facets of a vertebral couple?

A

Zygapophysis

42
Q

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the prezygapophysis?

A

The superior articulating process and superior articulating apophysis

43
Q

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis?

A

The inferior articulating process or inferior articulating apophysis

44
Q

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophysis as seen on X-ray?

A

Imbrication

45
Q

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/ apophysis?

A

The spinous tubercle

46
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process at each region of the spine?

A 
C = slight angle inferiorly
T = noticeable angle inferiorly
L = no inferior angle
47
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior articulating process/ post-zygapophysis, the superior articulating process/ pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

48
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

49
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

50
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

51
Q

What is the typical shape/ outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/ vertebral column?

A 
C = triangular
T = oval
L = triangular 
S = triangular
52
Q

At what vertebral level will the spinal cord typically terminate?

53
Q

At what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate?

AC - Spinal Palmer (4 decks)

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