Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AC - Spinal Palmer > Exam 1 ?'s > Flashcards

Exam 1 ?'s Flashcards

1
Q

Bone is also the repository for what additional ions?

A 
Sodium
Strontium
Radium
Magnesium
Fluoride
Lead
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What three responses of “living” bone were stressed in class?

A

It has the ability to heal, to remodel under stressors such as anxiety, tension or pressure and to age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

A

The clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Difference in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population on male and female variation is identified as which type of variation?

A

Sexual dimorphism or gender variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on age or developmental variation is identified as which type of variation?

A

Ontogenetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae within he population based on ethnicities or locational variation is identified as which type of variation?

A

Geographic variation or population based variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on the uniqueness between individuals is identified as which type of variation?

A

Idiosyncratic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name given to bone formed from existing bone?

A

Accessory bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name given to bone formed in a non-bone location?

A

Heterotopic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name given to an optimum which does not completely penetrate through a region of bone but appears as a blind-ended passageway?

A

Meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many bones form the typical adult appendicular skeleton?

A

126

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many bones form the typical adult axial skeleton?

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many boners form the typical adult neurocranium?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many bones form the facial skeleton (splanchnocranium or visceral skeleton)?

A

14 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the typical adult?

A

26 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the typical spine?

A

24 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the length of atypical male spinal column?

A

About 70 cm or 28”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is length of a typical female spinal column?

A

60 cm or 25”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the length of the male lumbar region (both measurements)?

A

About 18 cm or 7”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What organ(s) is (are) specifically associated wit the horizontal axis of the skill?

A

The eye and the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature?

A

The perichordal blastema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastema?

A

Intersegmental artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cell proliferation within the perichordal blastema will result in what feature?

A

A loose cranial sclerotomite and a dense caudal sclerotomite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What forms between the sclerotomite of a perichordal blastema?

A

The intrasclerotomal fissure (fissure of Von Ebner)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

Centrum centers and neural arch centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the classification of the joint forming between secondary centers of ossification and the rest of the typical vertebra?

A

Cartilage synchondrosis/ ampiarthrosis synchondrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the names of the sunchondoses forming between secondary centers of ossification and the rest of the typical veterbra?

A

Tip of the transverse process synchondrosis
Tip of the spinous process synchondrosis
Epiphyseal ring synchondrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What will cause the transverse process/ transverse apophysis to alter its intitial direction in the cervical region?

A

Cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward and downward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What will cause the transverse/ transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

A

The growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies anterior to the zygapophysis is called the _______?

A

Pre-zygapophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In the vertebra couple, the part of the vertebra which lies posterior to the zygapophysis is called the ____?`

A

Post-zygapophysis

32
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior articular process/ post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/ pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

33
Q

What will formthe superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

34
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

35
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

36
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely located near or around the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Anterior spinal canal artery & plexus
Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
Ligamentum flavum
Recurrent meningeal/sin-vertebral/ sinus vertebral nerve
Hofmann/ anterior dural/ meningovertebral ligaments

37
Q

What contents of the subarachnoid space are changed below the level C6?

A

The arterial vasa corona consits of 1 anterior spinal artery, 2 posterior spinal arteries and 3 communicating arteries

38
Q

What is the name given to the lateral extension of pia mater along the spinal cord?

A

Dentate (denticulate) ligament

39
Q

What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name given to each?

A

C3-T1, the cervical enlargement

T9-T12, the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargements

40
Q

What is the generic cord level of origin - vertebral level combination for the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement?

A

L1, L2 cord levels in T9 vertebra
L3,L4 cord levels in T10 vertebra
L5,S1 cord levels in T11 vertebra
S2,S3 cord levels in T12 vertebra

41
Q

What is the caudal end of the spinal cord called?

A

Conus medullaris

42
Q

What is the name given to the nerve roots below L1?

A

Cauda equina

43
Q

What is the continuation of pia mater below the conus medullaris called?

A

Film terminate internum

44
Q

What is the fate of the neural tissue identified along the filum termínale internum?

A

It joins peripheral nerve roots of spinal nerves as high as L3 and as low as S4

45
Q

What is the name given to the condition in which the conus medullaris is located below L1 and the filum termínale is thickened?

A

Tethered cord syndrome

46
Q

At the intervertebral foramen, what is the relationship between spinal nerve number and vertebral number along the cervical spine?

A

In the cervical spine, spinal roots exit above the segment they are numbered after (C8 is the exception to the rule)
ex C3 nerve exits above C3 or between C2/C3

47
Q

What is the relationship between spinal nerve number, rib number and vertebral number in a thoracic intervertebral foramen?

A

The spinal nerve number relates to the upper segment number in the vertebral couple the rib number relates to the lower segment number in the vertebral couple

i.e. T3 nerve exits the intervertebral foramen formed by T3/T4 and Rib 4 joints with this vertebral couple

48
Q

What superior surface modification of the posterior arch of C1 is present near the lateral mass?

A

Groove/ sulcus for the vertebral artery

49
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

The carotid tubercle

50
Q

Which vertebrae will have a spinous process angulation of up to 40 degrees?

A

T2-T4

51
Q

Which vertebrae will have a spinous process angulation of up to 60 degrees?

A

T5-T8

52
Q

What feature is very commonly observed on the lamina of T10?

A

Para-articular process

53
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the transverse process?

A

The lateral tubercle

54
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the mammillary process of the lumbar?

A

The superior tubercle

55
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the accessory process of the lumbar?

A

The inferior tubercle

56
Q

What forms the median sacral crest?

A

Fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

57
Q

What forms the intermediate sacral crest?

A

Fused articular processes and their facets

58
Q

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

A

The mammillary process of S1 and the sacral Cornu of S5

59
Q

What is the name of theinferior opening of the sacral Spinal canal?

A

The sacral hiatus

60
Q

What forms the lateral sacral crest?

A

The fused transverse processes and trance reuse tubercles from S1 to S5

61
Q

What is the homolog of the superior articular process and facet on Co1?

A

Coccygeal Cornu

62
Q

What is present on the head of the first rib?

A

A single articular surface

63
Q

What is lacking at the head of the first rib?

A

The interarticular crest

64
Q

Is there a crest on the neck of the first rib?

A

Not a well-developed on elike on the typical rib

65
Q

Which groove on the body (corpus or shaft) of the firs rib is close to the vertebral end?

A

The groove for the subclavian artery and the first thoracic nerve

66
Q

Which groove on the body (corpus or shaft) of the first rib is close to the sternal end?

A

The groove for the subclavian vein

67
Q

What are the primary parts of the vertebral end of rib 2

A

The head, neck and tubercle

68
Q

What feature may be identified on the head of rib 2?

A

Two articular surfaces and the inter articular crest

69
Q

What feature may be identified on the body (corpus or shaft) of rib 2?

A

The tuberosity for the serratus anterior, the costal angle and the costal groove

70
Q

What is the appearance of thesternal end of the eleventh rib?

A

It is somewhat pointed

71
Q

What helps to distinguish the vertebral end of the 12 rib from other ribs?

A

The head has a single articular surface, the crest of the neck is poorly developed, the tubercle is absent

72
Q

What are the 3 histological classifications of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial fluid

73
Q

Which mammals have more or less then 7 cervical vertebra?

A 
**Less**
2 toed sloth
Manatee
**More**
Ant beat
3 toed sloth
74
Q

What are th names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim?

A

Uncinate process, uniform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

75
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

76
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process, right and left lateral groove?

A

Joint of lush ja or uncovertebral joint

77
Q

The joint of luschka is formed form what surfaces?

A

The uncinate process and lateral groove

AC - Spinal Palmer (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions