Membrane Structure and Transport Flashcards
1
Q
solvent
A
water the universal solvent for biological solutions
2
Q
solutes
A
Sugars, proteins, electrolytes, and organic molecules like hormones are examples of the different biological solutes dissolved in water.
Hydrophobic nature is one of the factors that holds the plasma membrane together in this aqueous environment and allows the membrane to perform one of its primary functions—to be a selectively permeable barrier
3
Q
plasma membrane
A
primarily composed of lipids, making it hydrophobic.
4
Q
selectively permeable
A
- some substances may freely cross the membrane
- others require assistance to cross
- some substances are not able to cross at all
5
Q
cholesterol
A
- rigid ring lipid
- randomly distributed throughout hydrophobic region
- gives plasma membrane structural strength
6
Q
carbohydrate chains
A
- extend from outer surface
- attached to protein or phospholipid
- functions as a signal, coating, or receptor
7
Q
extracellular environment
A
- outside of cell
- aqueous
8
Q
lipid bilayer
A
- composed of two rows of phospholipid molecules
- phosphate group head faces outward
- fatty acid tails face inward
9
Q
phosphate group head
A
- part of phospholipid molecule
- contains a phosphate group
- makes this portion of molecule polar and hydrophilic
10
Q
fatty acid tails
A
- part of phospholipid molecule
- tails consist of two fatty acid chains
- makes this portion of molecule nonpolar and hyrophobic
11
Q
peripheral protein
A
- does not extend across lipid bilayer
- may server as an anchor point for cytoskeleton
12
Q
transmembrane proteins
A
- extends all the way through the lipid bilayer
- may serve as a transport protein or a channel across the bilayer
13
Q
cytoplasm
A
- inside of the cell
- aqueous
- contains organlelles
14
Q
passive transport
A
- occurs down the gradient and does not use ATP
- includes simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
15
Q
active transport
A
- occurs against gradient and requires ATP
- includes primary active transport, secondary active transport, receptor-mediated transport, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis