membrane bound organelles and their functions

Question 1

what is the

Golgi Apparatus

unique to eukaryotes, delivery system

Answer 1

• collects, modifies, packages, and distributes macromolecules (like proteins and lipids) made within the cell.
• make polysaccharides for cell walls in plants

Question 2

what is the nucleus and it’s functions

Nucleus

Answer 2

• the nucleus clones DNA and is the cell’s control center
• nuclear envelope
  
  • inner membrane
  • outer membrane
• nuclear pores: allows the exchange of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm
• nucleoplasm: the matrix of the nucleus
• chromosomes: condense forms of DNA and proteins. Stores hereditary information
• Chromatin: unwound protein-chromosome complexes
• Nucleolus: ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 3

what are the components of

Endoplasmic reticulum

unique to eukaryotes, transport system

Answer 3

• Transport system
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  
  • makes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormomes
  • detoxifies medications and posions
  • stores calcium ions
• rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
  
  • makes proteins via ribosomes
  • folding and modifies of proteins occurs in the RER lumen
  • makes phospholipids for cellular membranes

Question 4

what is the

mitochondria

Answer 4

• powerhouses of the cells
• breaks down food into energy (ATP)
  
  • produces atp, high energy molecule, supports most activities done in cell
  • requires oxygen
  • cellular respiration
• consumed most of the oxygen breathed

Question 5

more info on

mitochondria

Answer 5

• act like bacteria
• have circular DNA
• divide by fission, split into two new mitochondria
• same size as bacteria

Question 6

what is

vesicles and vacuoles

Answer 6

• membrane-bound sacs
• stores and transport materials
• vacuoles: larger than a vesicle but has similar functionality
• the membrane can’t fuse with the membranes of other membrane systems within the cell
• vesicles: the membrane can fuse with the plasma membrane and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 7

what is

lysosomes
(animal cells)

unique to eukaryotes, recycling centers

Answer 7

• found in animal cells
• have low pH
• break down large molecules
  
  • proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, & nucleic acids
• break down old organelles and other cells
• recycle proteins & other materials

Question 8

what is

peroxisomes

unique to eukaryotes, chemical shop

Answer 8

• oxidize fatty acids and amino acids, which produce OH
• break down OH into water and oxygen
• detoxify alcohol in liver cells
• convert stored fats into sugar in plant cells (plants have a different type of perxisomes)

Question 9

what is

chloroplasts
(plant cells)

energy capturing centers

Answer 9

• convert sunlight energy into chemical energy
• organelles where photosynthesis takes place
  
  • converts CO, water, and light into sugar and oxygen
• have their own DNAs