Membrane-bound Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

What eight things do all eukaryotic cells contain?

A
Nucleus 
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton 
Plasma membrane
Membrane bound organelles
Small vesicles
Ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

A network of protein filaments that act as a transport system for organelles.
They also cause the contraction of muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What produces ribosomes?

A

The nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do organelles allow the cell to work efficiently?

A

Shared labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A

Double membrane
Nuclear envelope with contains pores
Nucleolus containing RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the main functions of the nucleus?

A

Provides instructions for protein synthesis
Stores organism’s genomes
Transmits genetic information
Nucleolus separates contents of nucleus from the rest of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

System of membranes containing fluid filled cavities

Coated with ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of RER?

A

Intracellular transport system

Provides a large surface area for ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

System of membranes containing fluid filled cavities

No ribosomes on its surface making it smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of SER?

A

Contains enzymes that catalyse reactions involved in the metabolism of lipids
Involved in absorption, synthesis and transport of lipids in the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The enzymes in SER catalyse what?

A

Synthesis of cholesterol
Synthesis of lipids/phospholipids
Synthesis of steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus.

A

Stacks of membrane bound flattened sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two functions of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Modification of proteins

Packaging of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can proteins be modified in the Golgi apparatus?

A

Addition of sugar molecules to form glycoproteins
Addition of lipid molecules to form lipoproteins
Fold them into their 3D structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the structure of the mitochondria.

A

Spherical, rod shaped or branched

Surrounded by two membranes with a fluid filled matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long are mitochondria usually?

A

2-5 micrometers

17
Q

What are the mitochondria the site of?

A

ATP production during aerobic respiration

18
Q

How long are chloroplast?

A

4-10 micrometers

19
Q

We’re are chloroplasts only found?

A

In plant cells

20
Q

Describe the structure of chloroplasts.

A

Double membrane bound with a fluid filled matrix

21
Q

What do chloroplasts contain loops and grans of?

A

DNA and starch

22
Q

What is the membrane called on a vesicle?

23
Q

What is the purpose of a vacuole?

A

Maintains cell stability

24
Q

Why are vacuole only found in plants?

A

They maintain turgidity which is usually only important in plants

25
Describe the structure of lysosomes.
Small bags formed from the Golgi apparatus Single membrane Contain powerful hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes
26
What is the purpose of lysosomes?
To keep the hydrolytic enzymes separate from the rest of the cell Can engulf old organelles or foreign matter
27
What is the purpose of cilia and undulipodia?
Beat and move the band of mucus in the airways | One cilia acts as an antenna (receptor) for cell signalling
28
What is the structure of cilia?
Protrusions from the cell surrounded by the plasma membrane | Each contains microtubules