Membrane-bound Organelles

Question 1

What eight things do all eukaryotic cells contain?

Answer 1

Nucleus 
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton 
Plasma membrane
Membrane bound organelles
Small vesicles
Ribosomes

Question 2

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 2

A network of protein filaments that act as a transport system for organelles.
They also cause the contraction of muscle cells

Question 3

What produces ribosomes?

Answer 3

The nucleolus

Question 4

How do organelles allow the cell to work efficiently?

Answer 4

Shared labour

Question 5

Describe the structure of the nucleus

Answer 5

Double membrane
Nuclear envelope with contains pores
Nucleolus containing RNA

Question 6

What are the main functions of the nucleus?

Answer 6

Provides instructions for protein synthesis
Stores organism’s genomes
Transmits genetic information
Nucleolus separates contents of nucleus from the rest of the cell

Question 7

Describe the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 7

System of membranes containing fluid filled cavities

Coated with ribosomes

Question 8

What are the functions of RER?

Answer 8

Intracellular transport system

Provides a large surface area for ribosomes

Question 9

Describe the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

System of membranes containing fluid filled cavities

No ribosomes on its surface making it smooth

Question 10

What are the functions of SER?

Answer 10

Contains enzymes that catalyse reactions involved in the metabolism of lipids
Involved in absorption, synthesis and transport of lipids in the gut

Question 11

The enzymes in SER catalyse what?

Answer 11

Synthesis of cholesterol
Synthesis of lipids/phospholipids
Synthesis of steroid hormones

Question 12

Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus.

Answer 12

Stacks of membrane bound flattened sacs

Question 13

What are the two functions of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

Modification of proteins

Packaging of proteins

Question 14

How can proteins be modified in the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 14

Addition of sugar molecules to form glycoproteins
Addition of lipid molecules to form lipoproteins
Fold them into their 3D structure

Question 15

Describe the structure of the mitochondria.

Answer 15

Spherical, rod shaped or branched

Surrounded by two membranes with a fluid filled matrix

Question 16

How long are mitochondria usually?

Answer 16

2-5 micrometers

Question 17

What are the mitochondria the site of?

Answer 17

ATP production during aerobic respiration

Question 18

How long are chloroplast?

Answer 18

4-10 micrometers

Question 19

We’re are chloroplasts only found?

Answer 19

In plant cells

Question 20

Describe the structure of chloroplasts.

Answer 20

Double membrane bound with a fluid filled matrix

Question 21

What do chloroplasts contain loops and grans of?

Answer 21

DNA and starch

Question 22

What is the membrane called on a vesicle?

Answer 22

Tonoplast

Question 23

What is the purpose of a vacuole?

Answer 23

Maintains cell stability

Question 24

Why are vacuole only found in plants?

Answer 24

They maintain turgidity which is usually only important in plants

Question 25

Describe the structure of lysosomes.

Answer 25

Small bags formed from the Golgi apparatus
Single membrane
Contain powerful hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes

Question 26

What is the purpose of lysosomes?

Answer 26

To keep the hydrolytic enzymes separate from the rest of the cell
Can engulf old organelles or foreign matter

Question 27

What is the purpose of cilia and undulipodia?

Answer 27

Beat and move the band of mucus in the airways

One cilia acts as an antenna (receptor) for cell signalling

Question 28

What is the structure of cilia?

Answer 28

Protrusions from the cell surrounded by the plasma membrane

Each contains microtubules