Mem and Emo (1)

Question 1

What is learning?

Answer 1

Acquisition of behavioral information

Question 2

What is the function of memory?

Answer 2

Survival, retention of changes in behavior

Question 3

What are the 2 principles of learning?

Answer 3

1. Memory gets better with more learning

2. Law of diminishing returns

Question 4

What is the law of diminishing return?

Answer 4

point at which the level of profits or benefits gained is less than the amount of money or energy invested

Question 5

What is the Rescorla-Wagner rule of learning?

Answer 5

amount learned is proportional to the amount of surprise at the outcome

Question 6

What is the formula for the Rescorla-Wagner rule of learning?

Answer 6

change in V = (Alpha x Beta) (lamda - V)

Question 7

In the formula for the Rescorla-Wagner rule of learning what does change in V represent?

Answer 7

amount of learning, change in associative strength

Question 8

In the formula for the Rescorla-Wagner rule of learning what does Alpha represent?

Answer 8

salience of the CS

Question 9

In the formula for the Rescorla-Wagner rule of learning what does Beta represent?

Answer 9

speed of learning for given US

Question 10

In the formula for the Rescorla-Wagner rule of learning what does lamda represent?

Answer 10

what actually happens, max conditioning of US

Question 11

In the formula for the Rescorla-Wagner rule of learning what does V represent?

Answer 11

what you expect, current associative strength

Question 12

In the formula for the Rescorla-Wagner rule of learning what does (lamda - V) represent?

Answer 12

Prediction Error (Surprise)

Question 13

What is Blocking?

Answer 13

outcome is fully predicted so no learning

Question 14

What was the initial neuron response of monkeys associating a stimulus to a reward?

Answer 14

Initially the VTA neurons respond to the reward – not predicted so high error signal

Question 15

What was the neuron response of monkeys who had associated a stimulus to a reward?

Answer 15

When the association is learned, the neurons respond to the CS, but not to the reward - reward is predicted so low error signal

Question 16

What was the neuron response of monkeys who had associated a stimulus to a reward, but then was denied the reward?

Answer 16

When the reward is predicted, but omitted, there is a suppression of baseline activity – unexpected omission so negative error signal

Question 17

What is conditioned inhibition?

Answer 17

Stimulus that has a negative associative value, reducing associative strength on the trial