Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Meiosis

Answer 1

• The production of sex cells
• Meiosis produces gametes (eggs or sperm)
• Only happens in germ cells
• Two rounds of cell division produce:
  
  • Four haploid cells
  • Cells are genetically different from parent cell
  • Each cell gets ONE copy of each chromosome

Question 2

Dipolid

Answer 2

-Having two SETS of chromosomes

Question 3

Haploid

Answer 3

-Having one SET of chromosomes

Question 4

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 4

-Two chromosomes inherited from different parents but carrying genes from the same trait

Question 5

Synapsis

Answer 5

-The process of of two homologous chromosomes bonding together

Question 6

Tetrad

Answer 6

• The result of synapsis

- Contains four chromatids

Question 7

Animal Reproduction

Answer 7

• Reproduction is the creation of new individuals from existing ones
• Reproduction can be accomplished:
  
  • Asexually: organisms make clones of themselves
  • Sexually: organisms recombine their genes and create genetic diversity

Question 8

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 8

• Some multicellular organisms reproduce by fission, in which one organism splits into two or more individuals
• Budding: the splitting off of new individuals from existing ones
• Asexual reproduction has a number of advantages:
  
  • It allows a species to perpetuate itself if its individual members are sessile (doesn’t move around) or isolated from one another
  • It allows organisms to multiply quickly
• One potential disadvantage of asexual reproduction is that it produces genetically uniform populations. The won’t have the ability to adapt to different environments

Question 9

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 9

• Involves the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg0 from two parents
• Increases the genetic variability among offspring

Question 10

Human Reproduction

Answer 10

• Both sexes of humans have:
  
  • A pair of gonads, the organs that produce gametes
  • Ducts to store and deliver the gametes
  • Structures to facilitate copulation

Question 11

Female Reproductive Anatomy

Answer 11

• The ovaries are the site of gamete production in human females
• The ovaries contain follicles
  
  • Each follicle consists of a single developing oocyte surrounded by layers of cells that nourish and protect it
  • The follicles also produce estrogen, the female sex hormone

Question 12

Ovulation

Answer 12

• The process by which secondary oocyte is ejected from the follicle
• The secondary oocyte enters the oviduct, which is a tube in which cilia sweep it toward the uterus
• Oogenesis is the development of eggs within the ovaries

Question 13

The Female Reproductive Cycle

Answer 13

• Human femals have a reproductive cycle, a recurring series of events that produces gametes, makes them available for fertilization, and prepares the body for pregnancy
• The female reproductive cycle involves two sets of changes
  
  • The ovarian cycle controls the growth and release of an ovum
  • The menstrual cycle prepares the uterus for possible implantation of an embryo
• Hormones: synchronize cyclical changes in the ovaries and uterus

Question 14

Fertilization

Answer 14

-Copulation release hundreds of millions of sperm into the vagine, but only a few hundred survive the trip to the egg, and only one will fertilize it

Question 15

A Mature Human Sperm

Answer 15

• has a streamlined shape that suits its need to swim through fluids in the vagine, uterus, and oviduct
• Acrosome contains enzyme that will digest the coating that surrounds the oozyte

Question 16

Pregnancy or Gestation

Answer 16

• The carrying of developing young within the female reproductive tract
• Is measured as 40 weeks from the start of the last menstrual cycle in humans
• The early stages of human development begin with fertilization and cleavage in the oviduct