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BIOL > How Cells Reproduce > Flashcards

How Cells Reproduce Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Division

A
  • Reasons for cell division
    • Create more cells
      - Growth
      - Repair of damage
    • To create new organisms
      - Asexual reproduction
      - Production of gametes (eggs or sperm)
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2
Q

Mitosis

A
  • cloning
  • Two daughter cells
  • daughters genetically identical
  • Growth, repair, or asexual reproduction
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3
Q

Meiosis

A
  • Four daughter cells
  • Daughters genetically different
  • Sexual reproduction
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4
Q

Diploid

A

2 sets of chromosomes

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5
Q

Haploid

A

1 set of chromosomes

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6
Q

Chromosome

A

a molecule of DNA

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7
Q

Chromatid

A

DNA molecule

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8
Q

Somatic Cell

A

a body cell

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9
Q

Germ Cell

A

only cells that can do meiosis

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10
Q

Mitotic Cell Cycle

A
  • Interphase: G1, S, G2
  • Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
  • Cytokinesis
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11
Q

Early Prophase

A
  • Mitosis begins

- Duplicated chromosomes begin to condense

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12
Q

Late Prophase

A
  • New microtubles are assembled
  • One centriole pair is moved toward opposite pole of spindle
  • Nuclear envelope starts to break up
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13
Q

Transition ro Metaphase

A
  • Spindle forms

- Spindle microtubules attach to sister chromatids of each chromosome

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14
Q

Metaphase

A
  • All chromosomes are lined up at the spindle equator

- Chromosomes are maximally condensed

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15
Q

Anaphase

A
  • Sister chromatids are pulled apart

- Once separated, each chromatid is a chromosome

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16
Q

Telophase

A
  • Chromosomes decondense

- Two nuclear membrans form, one around each set of chromosomes

17
Q

Cytoplasmic Division

A
  • Occurs simultaneously with telophase
  • Divides non-nuclear organelles between cells
  • Two mechanisms
    • Cleavage (animals)
    • Cell plate formation (plants)
18
Q

Results of Mitosis

A
  • Two daughter nuclei
  • Each genetically identical to parent cell
  • Chromosomes in unduplicated form
19
Q

Control of the Cycle

A
  • Things that regulate the cell cycle
    • Growth factors
    • Cell Density
    • Surface Recognition
  • Loss of control
    - Tumors-grows without control
    • Cancer-spread from where it started (a tumor that spreads)
20
Q

Tumors and Cancer

A
  • Abnormal cells that have lost control over how they grow and divide
    • Benign-grow slowly, retain surface recognition
    • Malignant-disrupting surrounding tissues, metastasize
21
Q

Culturing Cells

A
  • Growing cells in culture allows researchers to investigate processes and test treatments without danger to patients
  • Most cells CANNOT be grown in culture
22
Q

HeLa Cells

A
  • Line of human cancer cells that can be grown in culture
  • Descendants of tumor cells from a woman named Henrietta Lacks
  • Lacks died at 31, but her cells continue to live and divide in labs around the world

BIOL (6 decks)

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