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Biology > Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction > Flashcards

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

meiosis

A

division of the nucleus in preparation for production of gametes

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2
Q

gametes (germ cells)

A

egg cells and sperm cells in animals

-contain half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell

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3
Q

somatic cells

A

diploid (2 sets of chromosomes)

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4
Q

gametes

A

haploid (1 set of chromosomes)

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5
Q

ploidy

A

number of sets of chromosomes an organism has

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6
Q

What two thing happen in Meiosis that do not happen in mitosis?

A
  • Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids
  • A protein called the synaptomal complex physically connects the homologs together forming a complex of 4 sister chromatids (tetrad)
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7
Q

Is the orientation of each pair of chromosomes in metaphase I random?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Crossing over

A

Recombination between non-sister chromatids

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9
Q

Microtubule spindle begins to form in which phase of meiosis?

A

Prophase I

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10
Q

2 Sources of Genetic Diversity

A
  • crossing over in prophase I

- random orientation in metaphase I

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11
Q

Anaphase I

A
  • microtubules shorten
  • homologous chromosomes separated
  • sister chromatids remain attached at centromeres
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12
Q

Telophase I

A
  • nuclear envelope reforms
  • each new nucleus is now haploid
  • sister chromatids are no longer identical bc of crossing over
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13
Q

Prophase II

A
  • nuclear envelopes dissolve

- spindle apparatus forms

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14
Q

Metaphase II

A

-chromosomes align on metaphase plate

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15
Q

Anaphase II

A
  • sister chromatids separate from each other

- microtubules shorten

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16
Q

Telophase II

A

-nuclear envelope re-forms; cytokinesis

17
Q

4 ways meiosis differs from mitosis

A
  1. Synapsis and crossing over
  2. Sister chromatids remain joined at their centromeres through meiosis I
  3. Kinetochores of sister chromatids attach to the same pole in meiosis I
  4. DNA replication is suppressed between meiosis I and meiosis II

Biology (3 decks)

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