Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Characterize the function of meiosis in sexual reproduction.

A

Multicellular organisms depend on meiosis for gamete production

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2
Q

Germ-line cells

A

Produce gametes through the process of meiosis

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3
Q

Describe how homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis.

A

Homologous pairs synapse forming tetrads

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4
Q

Explain why meiosis I is called the reductive division.

A

it results in cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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5
Q

Explain the importance of monopolar attachment of homologous pairs at metaphase I.

A

The two sister chromatids are attached to one pole which is important because they don’t separate until meiosis 2

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6
Q

Differentiate between the events of meiosis I and meiosis II.

A

1:
Reductional division

2:
Equational division

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7
Q

Describe the distinct features of meiosis compared to mitosis.

A

In mitosis, the diploid cell divides to produce identical diploid cells. Cells are somatic.

In meiosis, the diploid cell divides to produce haploid cells. Haploid cells are germline. Occurs over 2 rounds.

Both are preceded by the duplication of chromosomes during interphase.

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8
Q

Describe advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction.

A

Sexual reproduction allows for genetic variation which is important for evolution, but it requires more time and finding a mate.

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9
Q

Reductional division

A

Meiosis I

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10
Q

Equational division

A

Meiosis 2

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11
Q

Prophase 1

A

-Crossing over
-Synapsis
-Chiasma

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12
Q

Crossing over

A

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

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13
Q

Synapsis

A

Close pairing of homologous chromosomes

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14
Q

Chiasma

A

A point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis and at which crossing over occurs

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15
Q

Metaphase 1

A

Random alignment of homologous chromosomes along metaphase plate

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16
Q

A dihybrid cross with epistatic alleles will produce

A

3 phenotypes