Meiosis And Mitosis Flashcards
What is meiosis?
Cell division to produce gametes.
What types of gametes are produced by meiosis?
- Sperm
- Egg cell
- Pollen (plant)
How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
4 cells
What is the DNA content of the cells produced by meiosis?
Half the DNA
What is crossing over in meiosis?
Exchange of genetic material between chromosomes.
What does crossing over create?
Variation
Does the second division of meiosis occur with or without interphase?
Without interphase
What is the process of cell division?
The process by which a cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
Cell division is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in organisms.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information.
DNA is the hereditary material in almost all organisms.
What structure does DNA have?
Double helix.
The double helix consists of two strands that wind around each other.
What are the components of DNA?
Sugar and phosphates.
These components form the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What are complementary bases in DNA?
A, T, C, G.
These bases pair specifically: A with T and C with G.
Which bases pair together in DNA?
A - T and C - G.
A stands for adenine, T for thymine, C for cytosine, and G for guanine.
What is mitosis?
Cell division
What does mitosis produce?
Clones of the original cell
How many chromosomes are identified in human cells?
46
What is the first phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
What occurs during interphase?
- All organelles duplicate
- Cell enlarges
- DNA duplicates
In mitosis, what happens to the chromosomes?
They line up in the middle of the cell
Fill in the blank: During mitosis, _____ pulls half of the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.
Spindle fibers
What forms around the new nuclei after mitosis?
New cell membranes
What is the final stage of cell division called?
Cytokinesis
