Biology Recall

Question 1

What is the name of the plant hormone that controls growth?

Answer 1

Auxins.

Auxins are a class of plant hormones that regulate various aspects of growth and development in plants.

Question 2

What is phototropism?

Answer 2

Growth in response to light.

Phototropism allows plants to orient themselves toward a light source.

Question 3

What is gravitropism?

Answer 3

Growth in response to gravity.

Gravitropism helps plants grow roots downward and stems upward.

Question 4

What are the three main regions of the brain?

Answer 4

Cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and medulla.

These regions are responsible for various functions including motor control, sensory perception, and vital functions.

Question 5

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 5

Consciousness, memory, and language.

The cerebral cortex is crucial for higher brain functions.

Question 6

What is the function of the retina?

Answer 6

Converts light into electrical signals.

The retina contains photoreceptor cells that initiate the process of vision.

Question 7

What is the function of the iris?

Answer 7

Controls the size of the pupil.

The iris regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 8

What is it called when blood vessels increase in diameter?

Answer 8

Vasodilation.

Vasodilation helps to increase blood flow and decrease blood pressure.

Question 9

What is it called when blood vessels get thinner?

Answer 9

Vasoconstriction.

Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow and increases blood pressure.

Question 10

What organ is responsible for water balance?

Answer 10

The kidneys.

The kidneys filter blood and regulate the body’s fluid balance.

Question 11

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 11

Where blood from the heart is pumped to the lungs and the body at the same time (pulmonary and systemic loop)

Question 12

What is a pacemaker?

Answer 12

A group of cells in the right atrium that controls the heart rate

Question 13

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

Answer 13

To supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

Question 14

Name the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Answer 14

Arteries

Question 15

Which blood vessels are only one cell thick?

Answer 15

Capillaries

Question 16

Which blood vessels have valves?

Answer 16

Veins

Question 17

What is plasma?

Answer 17

The pale yellow fluid part of blood, it transports cells, CO2, hormones, and waste

Question 18

What is the role of platelets?

Answer 18

They form clots to reduce bleeding

Question 19

In phototropism, what side of the plant do the auxins move to?

Answer 19

The dark side.

Question 20

What are positive tropisms?

Answer 20

Growth towards the stimulus.

Question 21

What are negative tropisms?

Answer 21

Growth away from the stimulus.

Question 22

What part of the brain is affected if you can’t remember what you did yesterday?

Answer 22

Cerebral cortex.

Question 23

What part of the brain is affected if you are constantly falling over?

Answer 23

Cerebellum.

Question 24

What part of the brain is affected if you’ve forgotten how to speak English?

Answer 24

Cerebral cortex.

Question 25

What is the function of the lens?

Answer 25

Focuses light onto the retina.

Question 26

What is the function of the cornea?

Answer 26

Refracts light.

Question 27

Why do you sweat during exercise?

Answer 27

To cool the body down.

Question 28

What is removed from urine by the kidneys?

Answer 28

Excess water, ions, and urea.

Question 29

What is homeostasis?

Answer 29

The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function, in response to internal and external changes.

Question 30

Name three things that are controlled by homeostasis.

Answer 30

* blood glucose concentration * body temperature * water levels

Question 31

Homeostasis is a _______ control system that involves nervous or chemical responses.

Answer 31

[involuntary]

Question 32

What is the role of receptors in a control system?

Answer 32

Detect stimuli - specialised cells.

Question 33

What is the role of coordination centres?

Answer 33

Receive and process information - brain, spinal cord and pancreas.

Question 34

What is the role of effectors?

Answer 34

Bring about responses to restore optimum levels - muscles or glands.

Question 35

What is the role of the nervous system?

Answer 35

To enable us to react to our surroundings and coordinate our behavior.

Question 36

What does CNS stand for?

Answer 36

Central nervous system

Question 37

Which two organs make up the CNS?

Answer 37

* brain * spinal cord

Question 38

What is the function of the nerve cell?

Answer 38

To carry electrical impulses rapidly around the body.

Question 39

Label the parts of a nerve cell: myelin sheath, dendrites, synapse, cell body, nucleus.

Answer 39

* myelin sheath * dendrites * synapse * cell body * nucleus

Question 40

How is the nerve cell adapted to its function?

Answer 40

* Lots of dendrites for many connections * Long axon to carry nerve impulse far * Insulated axon for rapid impulse travel * Synapses have lots of mitochondria for energy

Question 41

Put the following terms into a flow diagram to summarise how the nervous system works: effector, stimulus, response, CNS, receptor.

Answer 41

stimulus -> receptor -> CNS -> effector -> response

Question 42

Why are reflexes important?

Answer 42

They happen automatically and rapidly, helping to avoid harm and managing body systems like breathing and circulation.

Question 43

Label the key parts of a reflex arc.

Answer 43

* sensory neurone * spinal cord * receptor * synapse * effector * relay neurone * motor neurone

Question 44

Explain how the reflex arc works.

Answer 44

* The receptor is stimulated. * An electrical impulse travels along the sensory neurone to the CNS. * A chemical is released at the synapse, triggering an impulse in the relay neurone. * At the next synapse, a chemical triggers an impulse in the motor neurone. * The impulse reaches the effector, which responds.

Question 45

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal gland?

Answer 45

Adrenaline

Question 46

When is adrenaline produced?

Answer 46

If you are scared or stressed.

Question 47

What are the effects of adrenaline?

Answer 47

* Increases heart rate * Increases breathing rate * Prepares body for flight or fight

Question 48

Explain how the endocrine system produces a response to a stimulus.

Answer 48

The endocrine system produces a chemical response by secreting hormones into the bloodstream. The blood carries hormones to target organs which respond.

Question 49

Compare hormonal effects with the response of the nervous system.

Answer 49

Hormonal effects are slower than the nervous system but last longer.

Question 50

Label the main endocrine glands.

Answer 50

* pituitary gland * thyroid gland * adrenal gland * pancreas * testis (male) * ovary (female)

Question 51

Where is the hormone thyroxine produced?

Answer 51

Thyroid gland

Question 52

What is the role of thyroxine in the body?

Answer 52

* Controls basal metabolic rate * Important in growth and development

Question 53

How is the level of thyroxine controlled?

Answer 53

A negative feedback loop involving the pituitary gland and the hormone TSH/thryoxine stimulating hormone.