Meiosis and Karyotypes Quiz Flashcards
What is Meiosis?
Cell Division of Sex Cells
How many sex cells are we left with at the end of meiosis?
4
What are the 2 purposes of meiosis?
Genetic Reduction and Genetic Recombination
Where do most non-disjunctional (numerical) errors occur?
In anaphase 1 or 2
What is “crossing over”
In Prophase 1, when all 4 similar chromosomes pair up in homologous pairs (tetrads), similar chromatids “cross over” and exchange parts of DNA in order to ensure a genetically unique combination
What is “n”
-Haploid (Half)
- 23 in Humans
What is “2n”
-Diploid (Double n)
-46 in Humans
2^n is a formula used to determine what?
How many genetically unique sex cells are going to be produced
What are the 4 types of chromosone structure errors?
-Deletion
-Duplication
-Inversion
-Translocation
What is Monosomy?
When a person is missing a chromosome from a non-disjunction error
What is Trisomy?
When a person has an extra chromosome in either pair 13,18 or 21 due to a non-disjunction error.
What is Euploidy?
When a person has the correct number of chromosomes in their cells.
What is KLEINFELTER SYNDROME
-Additional Y Chromosome (Male Chromosome) in the Gender Chromosomal Pairs : XXY
-Characteristics include sexual immaturity and breast swelling.
What is TURNER SYNDROME
-Missing X Chromosome (Female Chromosome) in the Gender Chromosomal Pairs: XO
-Characteristics include webbed neck, short and sexually underdeveloped.
What is DOWNS SYNDROME
- Additional Chromosome is the 21 Pair
-Trisomy 21
-Characteristics include intellectual disabilities, abnormal palm creases, almond shaped eyes, and flattened face.
