Meiosis and Genetics Flashcards
How many pairs of chromosomes does one person have?
23
What are the chromosomes that make up a pair?
homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes aren’t always ……
identical
In what process are gametes formed?
meiosis
What are the cell divisions during meiosis?
meiosis I and meiosis II
What’s the first phase of meiosis?
prophase
How are homologous chromosomes held together?
a protein that acts like a zipper
During synapsis, the chromosomes often swap pieces of ……..
DNA
Where does meiosis take place?
the reproductive organs
What happens when homologous pairs condense?
synapsis
What are genes
DNA subjects that control the production of a protein
Haploid
cell with n number of chromosomes
How does Down Syndrome occur?
When sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase II and there’s an extra chromosome at the chromosome 21 pair
In what phase do chromosome centromeres attach to spindle fibers?
Metaphase 1
In what phase are the chromosome numbers reduced from 2n to n?
Anaphase 1
_____ results in four haploid cells, each with n number of chromosomes
Cytokineses
What does a cell need to undergo before meiosis?
Interphase
Is interphase apart of meiosis?
No
Crossing over happens during…
Prophase 1
Meiosis only occurs in what type of cell?
Reproductive cells
What’s a gamete?
A sex cell
Haploid
Cell that contains only a single set of genes
One parent cell contains how many gametes?
Four gametes
Chromatids spread apart during…
Meiosis II
The purpose of meiosis is to produce…
Gametes
A haploid cell is a…
Gamete
The separation of sister chromatids occurs during…
Meiosis II
Diploid (2n) gets reduced to Haploid (n) when…
telephase I is complete
During meiosis, ____ _____ cells are produced, each of which are haploid
Four daughter
Is meiosis the same as sexual reproduction?
No, it’s just apart of it
What does random fertilization mean for genetic variation?
The chances of a certain egg meeting a certain sperm cell are one of the key sources of genetic variation.
What would happen if crossing over didn’t occur during meiosis?
There would be less genetic variation, and a species would have a lower chance of evolving ..
What is one way that mitosis differs from meiosis?
The main goal of mitosis is to produce more cells.
What is one way that mitosis and meiosis are alike?
They have similar stages.
What would happen if cells did not go through interphase before meiosis?
The cell wouldn’t grow to it’s full size and it would not replicate its DNA.
