Exam/Quiz Corrections Flashcards
P1, F1, F2
the parental generation, first filial generation, second filial generation
What is an allele an alternative form of
a single gene
When are dominant alleles expressed
when they’re present
How many alleles are there for one gene
two alleles
Y represents what
a dominant allele
y represents what
a recessive allele
Homozygous organism
organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait (YY or yy)
Heterozygous organism
organism with two different alleles for a particular trait (Yy)
Genotype
an organism’s allele pairs (Yy, yy)
phenotype
the observable characteristics of an allele pair
Mendel’s law of segregation
two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis. During fertilization, two alleles for that trait unite, producing heterozygous organisms called hybrids
monohybrid cross
a cross that involves hybrids for a single trait
dihybrid cross
a cross that involves the inheritance of two or more traits
Law of independent assortment
random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete transformation
Homologous chromosomes line up on equator of the cell
Metaphase I
Chromosomes are at the poles, two new nuclei are formed around chromosomes. After this phase two cells are formed.
Telophase I
Homologous chromosomes pair up, crossing-over occurs.
Prophase I
Sister chromatids separate
Anaphase II
Homologous chromosomes separate
Anaphase I
Sister chromatids are at the poles, 4 new nuclei form around them. After this phase 4 haploid daughter cells are formed.
Telophase II
Chromosomes line up on equator of the cell
Metaphase II
Chromosomes become visible, spindle fibers form, nucleus disappears.
Prophase II
A cell containing two full sets of chromosomes (one from father and one from mother).
diploid
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (half the DNA).
Haploid
What are the 8 phases of meiosis in order?
PMAT, PMATII
How many chromosomes are in a human gene
23
How many chromosomes are in a human and human zygote
46
Suppose you are trying to predict the offspring of two plants, knowing that they are both heterozygous. What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous recessive?
25%
Suppose you are trying to predict the offspring of two plants, knowing that they are both heterozygous. What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous dominant?
50%
The building blocks of DNA are called:
nuleotides
Which of the following is not found in DNA?: adenine, uracil, thymine, guanine
uracil
The complimentary bases in DNA are joined by:
hydrogen bonds
Suppose you run a DNA analysis and determine that the genome consists of 20% thymine. How much guanine makes up the genome?
60%
