Meiosis and genetic variation

Question 1

What are gametes

Answer 1

the eggs and sperm

Question 2

whats a zygote and whats the process called

Answer 2

when the eggs and sperm join together

fertilization

Question 3

whats the amount of chromosomes do gametes cells have compared to body cells?

Answer 3

half the ammount

Question 4

What is the number of chromosomes do normal body cells have?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

What are diploid cells and how many chromies does it contain ?

Answer 5

that each body cell contains
two of each chromosome – one from mum and one from dad

46

Question 6

What is the number of chromosomes do gametes cells have?

Answer 6

23

Question 7

whar are haploid cells ? how many chromies does it contain ?

Answer 7

There’s only one copy of each
chromosome ,
23

Question 8

Where does meiosis take place ?

Answer 8

in the sex organs to produce gametes with haploid chrome number

Question 9

why meiosis requires two nuclear divisions?

Answer 9

2 divisions will get you from diploid to haploid

Question 10

What are homologous
chromosomes

Answer 10

two copies of each chromosome, one of maternal origin; one of paternal origin. These maternal and paternal chromosome pairs

matched pairs containing the same genes in
identical locations along their length.

Question 11

Why are Homologous chromosomes must be separated in gametes (via meiosis) prior to
reproduction?

Answer 11

to prevent chromosome numbers from continually doubling with each generation

Question 12

when does crossing over happen ?

Answer 12

during prophase 1

Question 13

what happens during crossover?

Answer 13

Basically the two chromosomes in each
homologous pair twist around each other

Wherever they ‘touch’, genetic material is
swapped between them.

At the end of crossing over the genetic
composition of each chromosome is
now different

Question 14

What happens at fertilization?

Answer 14

a haploid sperm will fuse with a haploid egg…. which
makes a cell with the normal, diploid number of chromosomes

Question 14

what is meiosis a type of ?

Answer 14

cell division

Question 15

What does meiosis result in?

Answer 15

four, IDENTICAL DAUGHTER
CELLS

Question 15

just like the parent cell
what are the daughter cells?

Answer 15

diploid

Question 16

Homologous chromosomes are ?

Answer 16

matched pairs containing the same genes in
identical locations along their length.

Question 17

when does independent assortment happen ?

Answer 17

happens in
metaphase I

Question 18

what happens during independent assortment?

Answer 18

Basically, when the homologous
chromosomes line up, they do so randomly.

This means that when they are pulled apart
in anaphase, the combination of
chromosomes going into the daughter cells
is also random.

Question 19

What makes humans similar?

What gives us our unique differences?

Answer 19

we all have the same genes

inheritance of different alleles to those genes

Question 20

What happens in meiosis 1

Answer 20

Homologous pairs are
separated, halving the chromosome number

different from mitosis and results in genetic variation via independent assortment and crossing over

Question 21

What happens in meiosis 2

Answer 21

same thing as mitosis
Now, sister
chromatids are separated.

Question 22

What happens during interphase?

Answer 22

a cell
replicates it’s DNA