Cell div / mitosis Flashcards
Where is genetic information in
human body cells?
in the nucleus in the DNA
How many chromosomes are there
in a human body cells?
46 chromie , 23 pairs
when are chromosomes visible ?
during cell division
what does each chromosome consist of?
two chromatids
are the genetic information on each chromatid identical ?
True
how many chromatids does a chromasome have?
Two
Where does the chromatid join?
along the center of the centromere
whats a karyotype?
shows the full set
of chromosomes of the person in arranged way
How are the chromosomes arranged in a
karyotype?
In pairs, in order of decreasing size.
Whats displayed last in a karyotype?
The sex chromosomes
What is a gene?
a section of DNA, which carries coding for a particular protein
What is the job of genes?
Many genes are needed to carry all the
genetic information for a whole organism
What’s the cell cycle?
the sequence of cell growth
and cell division
What does the cell cycle include?
1-Interphase
2-Mitosis
3- Cytokinesis
What is interphase?
- cell growth
- synthesis of organelles
- DNA copying and checking of genetic information
What is mitosis
the formation of two new IDENTICAL
daughter cells from an original cell It is how organisms grow
what is cytokinesis?
cytoplasm divided between the daughter cells
Mitosis occurs rapidly in a newly formed fertilized egg. Suggest
another situation in the body where you might expect cells to be
actively dividing by mitosis
Mitosis is also needed for the repair and replacement of cells at the site of wound or injury, during growth spurts, during the production of red blood
cells in bone marrow (happens all the time)
What types of (body)cells are found throughout the body?
somatic
what is an example of a diploid organism and how many copies of chromosomes do they?
humans, two copies of
each chromosome.
what are the stages of mitosis?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
interphase
what are the steps in prophase?
prophase: membrane dissipates and chromatins condense and shorten into chromosomes
what are the steps in metaphase ?
the chromosomes line up along
the equator attached to spindles by their
centromeres
What are the steps in anaphase?
anaphase: chromatids of each double are replicated and pulled toward different poles
What are the steps in telophase?
telophase: chromosomes arrive at poles and new membrane is being formed by cytokinesis
What are the steps in cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm divides into two and the new cell membrane separates
off to give two new, identical cells (daughter cells
What is the function of the CENTRIOLES and the SPINDLE FIBRES?
centrioles are responsible for organizing the microtubules into the spindle apparatus,
spindle fibers (microtubules) play a central role in ensuring the proper distribution of chromosomes during cell division, promoting the accurate separation of genetic material into the daughter cells
