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Biology > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Reduces chromosomes from 2n to n.

A

Meiosis

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2
Q

When this happens …… is halved (n) and becomes …..

A

Genetic information

Haploid

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3
Q

It is restored during fertilization when SPERM witn n chromosome and EGG also with n chromosome, conbine resulting to 2n

A

Haploid (n)

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4
Q

The …. differ from one another genetically

A

Four resulting cells

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5
Q

This ensures that each haploid product has a complete set of chromosomes

A

MEIOSIS

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6
Q

Occurs in ….. or gametes —- sperm cells (during ……)

A

sex cells

Spermatogenesis

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7
Q

other term for egg cells

A

Oogenesis

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8
Q

It generates genetic diversity among the resulting gametes.

A

MEIOSIS

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9
Q

Shuffling of genetic material occur by two processes

Two most important features of meiosis

A

Crossing over and Independent assortment

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10
Q

In meosis (?), homologous chromosome separate

A

I

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11
Q

Pair by adhering along their lengths

A

Homologous chromosome

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12
Q

Four chromatids

A

Tetrad

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13
Q

One pair of chromosome

A

Bivalent

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14
Q

Genetic combination

A

Chiasmata

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15
Q

The process by which non sister chromatids exchange genetic material

A

Crossing over

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16
Q

The result of Crossing over so no two individuals, even twins will be exactly alike

A

Recombination of genetic material

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17
Q

Point of crossing over where genetic material is exchange between non sister chromatids on homologous chromosome

A

Chiasmata

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18
Q

When crossing over is occurring, it is visible under microscope

A

Fact

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19
Q

It is highly organized mechanism to ensure greater variations among gametes/sex cells

A

Crossing over

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20
Q

Combined genes inherited from parents

A

Recombinant chromosome

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21
Q

Increases genetic variation among the product of meiosis by reshuffling genetic information

A

Recombinant Chromosome

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22
Q

What will happen if there is no crossing over?

A

Resulting organisms will look exactly alike.

Since there is no meiosis and no crossing over in bacteria and other lower forms of organism, these organism look exactly the same.

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23
Q

When cell undergo meiosis, What is replicated and passed on from parent to offspring?

A

DNA

24
Q

Whats inside the nucleus

A

Chromosome that carry the genes

25
Q

A second source of genetic diversity.

A

Independent Assortment

26
Q

The GREATER the number of chromosome, the LOWER the probability of establishing original parental chromosome

A

Fact

27
Q

Humans have how many pair of chromosome

A

23

2^23 (8, 388, 608)

28
Q

Different combination of maternal and paternal chromosome can be produced by

A

Mechanism of Independent assortment

29
Q

MEOTIC ERROR LEAD TO ABNORMAL CHROMOSOME NUMBER & STRUCTURE

A

fact

30
Q

When homologous chromosome pairs fail to separate at anaphase II

A

Non disjunction

31
Q

When homologous chromosome pairs fail to separate at anaphase II

A

Non disjunction

32
Q

A condition of having an abnormal number of chromosome.

A

Aneuploidy

33
Q

Having one extra chromosome

A

Trisomy

34
Q

Missing one chromosome

A

Monosomy

35
Q

triploid, tetraploid or higher; occurs naturally in some animal species and in many plants

A

Polyploidy

36
Q

Set of chromosome having the same length and appearance inherited from the parent

A

Homologous chromosome

37
Q

Process of pairing and ordering all chromosomes of an organism

A

Karyotyping

38
Q

Chromosome pairs: 1-22; associated with genes

A

Autosomes

39
Q

Directly linked to the development of sexual characteristics of an organism

A

Sex Chromosome

40
Q

XX

A

Female

41
Q

XY

A

Male

42
Q

1 pair

A

Mother and Father

43
Q

Formation of sex cells

A

Meiosis

44
Q

Reduction division

A

Meiosis

45
Q

Mother = ?
Father = ?
They will form what?

A

Maternal

Paternal

Tetrad

46
Q

Distinguishable feature

A

Crossing over

47
Q

Crossing over begins
Tetrads break and join
Genetic recombination occurs

A

Prophase I

48
Q

Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at equator

A

Metaphase I

49
Q

Homologous chromosome separate

Each pair is pulled to opposite poles

A

Anaphase I

50
Q

Individual chromosomes are at each pole

Followed by cytokinesis

A

Telophase

51
Q

New spindle fiber are formed

Chromosome condensed

A

Prophase II

52
Q

Chromosome line up at the equator with the help of spindle fiber

A

Metaphase II

53
Q

Sister chromatids will separate

A

Anaphase II

54
Q

Chromosome are at each pole

Followed by cytokinesis

A

Telophase II

55
Q

Involves the process of producing gametes

A

Gametogenesis

56
Q

Importance of Meiosis

A

Maintains correct chromosome number in every generation

Contributes genetic diversity

Ensures survival of organisim

Biology (3 decks)

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