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GENERAL BIOLOGY I > MEIOSIS > Flashcards

MEIOSIS Flashcards

1
Q
  • reduces # of chromosomes in gametes
  • results in sperm and egg cells
  • haploid gametes in diploid organisms
A

Meiosis

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2
Q

1 set of chromosomes

A

Haploid

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3
Q

2 sets of chromosomes

A

Diploid

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4
Q

How many phases of meiosis are there?

A

8

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5
Q
  • sperm enters with diploid chromosomes and tetraploid DNA
  • chromosomes duplicated to produce sister chromatids / homologous dyads
A

Interphase / Diploid Cell

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6
Q

most complex stage of meiosis (90%)

A

Prophase I

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7
Q

dyad pairs align to create tetrads

A

Prophase I

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8
Q

structure containing 4 chromatids

A

tetrad

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9
Q

stage of Meiosis I where synapsis occurs

A

Prophase I

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10
Q

Synapsis is mediated by __________.

A

synaptonemal complex

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11
Q

homologous chromosomes come together as pairs

A

synapsis

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12
Q

stage of Meiosis I where crossing over occurs

A

Prophase I

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13
Q

non-sister chromatids connect and trade sections at a chiasma

A

crossing over

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14
Q
  • chromosomes condense
  • tetrads move towards center
A

crossing over

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15
Q
  • x-shaped structure
  • point of contact
A

chiasma

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16
Q

Substages of Prophase I (5)

A
  1. Leptotene
  2. Zygotene / Zygonema
  3. Pachytene / Pachynema
  4. Diplotene
  5. Diakinesis
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17
Q

substage of Prophase I wherein synapsis occurs

A

Zygotene / Zygonema

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18
Q

substage of Prophase I wherein chromosomes condense and become visible

A

Leptotene

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19
Q

substage of Prophase I
- chromosomes crossover
- chromosomes become shorter and thicker

A

Pachytene / Pachynema

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20
Q

substage of Prophase I
- paired chromosomes begin to separate into 2 chromosome pairs

21
Q

substage of Prophase I
- nuclear membrane disintegrates
- chromatids are more condensed

A

Diakinesis

22
Q

spindle fibers attach to each dyad at the kinetochore

A

Metaphase I

23
Q

divides genetic material

A

spindle fibers

24
Q

pulls sister chromatids apart

A

kinetochore

25
Q
  • chiasmata break apart
  • migration towards opposite poles
A

Anaphase I

26
Q
  • chromosomes arrive at poles of cell
  • cleavage furrow forms
  • begins cytokinesis
A

Telophase I

27
Q
  • spindle fiber disintegrates
  • results in 2 non-identical haploid (1n) daughter cells
A

Telophase I

28
Q

Telophase I results in _ non-identical _____ daughter cells

A

2, haploid

29
Q

division of parental cell into 2 daughter cells

A

cytokinesis

30
Q
  • starts with 2 cells and chromosomes
  • spindle formation
  • nuclear envelope breaks down
  • dyads contract
A

Prophase II

31
Q
  • chromosomes align on metaphase plate
  • centromeres are directed and divided
A

Metaphase I / Metaphase II

32
Q
  • sister chromatids separate
  • begin moving towards poles
A

Anaphase 1 / Anaphase II

33
Q
  • cleavage furrow forms beginning cytokinesis
  • formation of 4 genetically different haploid (1n) cells
A

Telophase II

34
Q

Telophase II forms _ genetically different _____ cells

A

4, haploid

35
Q

Stages of Meiosis

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
36
Q

uncoiled stringy DNA

37
Q

each cell has __ pieces of chromatin

38
Q
  • haploid (1n)
  • egg and sperm cells
  • single set of chromosomes for a total of 23
  • sex cells
39
Q
  • diploid (2n)
  • muscle cells, neurons, liver cells
  • 23 sets of 2 chromosomes for a total of 46
  • body cells
A

somatic cells

40
Q

Meiosis requires _ nuclear division

41
Q

In meiosis, chromosomes _____ and _____

A

synapse, cross over

42
Q

In meiosis, centromeres survive _____

A

Anaphase I

43
Q

Meiosis _____ chromosome number

44
Q

Meiosis produces _ daughter nuclei

45
Q

Meiosis results in daughter cells __________ from parent and each other

A

genetically different

46
Q

Meiosis is used only for __________ reproduction

47
Q

_____ meiotic division halves number of chromosomes

48
Q

_____ meiotic division preserves number of chromosomes

GENERAL BIOLOGY I (5 decks)

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