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GENERAL BIOLOGY I > BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES > Flashcards

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Flashcards

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1
Q

methane and other compounds composed of only hydrogen and oxygen

A

hydrocarbons

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2
Q

the chain of carbon atoms in organic molecules

A

carbon skeleton

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3
Q

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures

A

isomers

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4
Q

large biological polymers

A

macromolecules

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5
Q

Living things are made up of 4 macromolecules, being:

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic acids
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6
Q

ranges from small sugar molecules to large polysaccharides

A

carbohydrates

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7
Q

molecular formulas that are multiples of CH2O

A

monosaccharides

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8
Q

a process where cells link monomers together to form polymers

A

dehydration synthesis

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9
Q

to break “lyse” with water

A

hydrolysis

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10
Q

polymer of 100-1000+ monosaccharides linked together

A

polysaccharide

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11
Q

double sugar

A

disaccharide

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12
Q

consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

lipid

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13
Q

In lipids, hydrogen atoms are linked by ___________.

A

nonpolar covalent bonds

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14
Q

Lipids are hydro_____.

A

phobic

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15
Q

fatty acids and fats with double bonds

A

unsaturated

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16
Q

Lipids _____ tightly together and solidify at room temperature.

A

do not pack

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17
Q

having maximum number of hydrogens

A

saturated

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18
Q

contain phosphorus and 2 fatty acids

A

phospholipids

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19
Q

consist of one fatty acid linked to alcohol

A

waxes

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20
Q

carbon skeleton forms 4 fused rings

A

steroids

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21
Q

common substance in animal cell membranes

A

cholesterol

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22
Q

biological polymers constructed from amino acid monomers

A

proteins

23
Q

proteios means __________

A

first place

24
Q

The major classes of proteins (7)

A
  1. Structural
  2. Contractile
  3. Storage
  4. Defensive
  5. Transport
  6. Signal
  7. Enzymes
25
Q

includes silk of spiders, hair of mammals and fibers that make up our tendons and ligaments

A

structural proteins

26
Q

proteins that provide muscular movement

A

contractile proteins

27
Q
  • the main substance of egg whites
  • serves as a source of amino acids for developing embryos
A

Ovalbumin

28
Q

includes antibodies

A

defensive proteins

29
Q

hemoglobin, an iron containing protein in blood that conveys oxygen from our lungs to other parts of body

A

transport proteins

30
Q

includes certain hormones which help coordinate body activities

A

signal proteins

31
Q
  • most important class of protein
  • serves as a chemical catalyst
A

enzymes

32
Q

enzyme found in tears and white blood cells

A

lysozyme

33
Q

polypeptide chains unravel, losing specific shape and function

A

denaturation

34
Q

4 successive levels of protein structure:

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
  4. Quaternary
35
Q
  • important transport protein found in blood
  • transports hormone from the thyroid gland and vitamin A
A

transthyretin

36
Q

secondary structure which results from the coiling of a polypeptide chain

A

alpha helix

37
Q

a transthyretin polypeptide has a __________ shape

A

globular

38
Q

relationship among multiple polypeptides of a protein

A

quaternary

39
Q

polymers that serve as blueprints for proteins

A

nucleic acids

40
Q

Types of Nucleic Acids (2)

A
  1. DNA
  2. RNA
41
Q

genes are within the _____

A

DNA

42
Q

monomers that make up nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

43
Q

A, C, G, U

A

RNA

44
Q

A, C, G, T

A

DNA

45
Q

Functional Groups (4) :

A
  1. Hydroxyl
  2. Carbonyl
  3. Carboxyl
  4. Amino
46
Q

hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen atom

A

hydroxyl

47
Q

organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups

A

alcohol

48
Q

carbon atom linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom

A

carbonyl

49
Q

carbon atom of carbonyl group is at end of skeleton

A

aldehyde

50
Q

carbonyl groups within carbon chain

A

ketones

51
Q

oxygen double bonded to carbon bonded to hydroxyl

A

carboxyl

52
Q

nitrogen atom bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms

A

amino group

53
Q

organic compounds with amino groups

A

amines

GENERAL BIOLOGY I (5 decks)

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