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Cell Division DONE > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of sex cells?

A

gametes.

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2
Q

how is an egg fertilised?

A

a gamete from each parent fuses to produce a fertlised egg.

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3
Q

what is the name of a fertilised egg?

A

zygote

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4
Q

what process forms gametes?

A

meiosis

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5
Q

how many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?

A

4 daughter cells.

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6
Q

are gametes haploid or diploid?

A

haploid.

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7
Q

what is meiosis also known as?

A

reduction division?

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8
Q

what are alleles?

A

different versions of the same gene.

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9
Q

what is an example of an allele?

A

eye colour; blue eyes and brown eyes. the genes both code for eye colour but the colour is different, they are differnt versions of the same gene.

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10
Q

what is locus?

A

the position on a particular chromosome.

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11
Q

what are homologous chromosomes?

A
  • each characteristic of an organism is coded for by two copies of each gene, one from each parent.
  • each nucleus of the organism’s cells contain two full sets of genes, a pair of genes for each characteristic.
  • each nucleus contains matching sets of chromosomes, called homologous chromosomes.
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12
Q

will homologous chromosomes have the same length and size during prophase?

A

yes; homologous chromosomes have the same genes in the same positions.

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13
Q

how many divisions are involved in meiosis?

A

2; meiosis 1 and meiosis 2.

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14
Q

what happens during prophase 1?

A
  • chromosomes condense
  • nuclear envelope dissolves.
  • nucleolus disappears.
  • spindle formation begins.
  • homologous chromosomes pair up, forming bivalents.
  • crossing over occurs as chromosomes are dragged through liquid cytoplasm results in the chromatids entangling.
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15
Q

what happens during metaphase 1?

A
  • same as metaphase in mitosis.
  • homologous pairs of chromosomes assemble along the metaphase plate instead of individual chromosomes.
  • independent assortment occurs as the orientation of each homologous pair on the metaphase plate is random and independent of any other homologous pair. this results in genetic variation.
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16
Q

what happens during anaphase 1?

A
  • homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles and chromatids stay joined together.
  • sections of DNA on sister chromatids, which became entangled during crossing over break off and rejoin.
  • this sometimes results in the exchange of DNA.
  • the points at which the DNA break and rejoin are called chiasmata
  • when exchange occurs, this forms recombinant chromatids, with genes being exchanged between chromatids.
  • genes being exchanged may be different alleles of the same gene so combination of alleles on recombinant chromatids will be different from allele combination on either chromatids.
  • genetic variation arises from the new combination of alleles; sister chromatids are no longer identical.
17
Q

what happens during telophase 1?

A
  • essentially the same as telophase in mitosis.
  • chromosomes assemble at each pole
  • nuclear membrane reforms.
  • chromosomes uncoil
  • cell undergoes cytokinesis and divided into two.
18
Q

what happens during prophase 2?

A
  • chromosomes consisting of two chromatids condense and become visible again.
  • nuclear envelope breaks down.
  • spindle formation begins
19
Q

what happens during metaphase 2?

A
  • individual chromosomes assemble on the metaphase plate
  • chromatids no longer indentical so there is independent assortment again and more genetic variation produced.
20
Q

what happens during anaphase 2?

A
  • same as anaphase in mitosis
  • chromatids of individual chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles after division of the centromeres.
21
Q

what happens during telophase 2?

A
  • chromatids assemble at the poles
  • chromosomes uncoil and form chromatin again
  • nuclear envelope reforms
  • nucleolus becomes visible.
  • cytokinesis results in division of cells forming four daughter cells in total.
  • cells will be haploid
  • cells will be genetically different from each other.
22
Q

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A

Cell Division DONE (5 decks)

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