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Anatomy midterm 1 (15%) > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Gamete Formation involves…

A

Meiosis = reproductive nuclear division

- egg + sperm

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2
Q

What does meiosis produce

A

Gamete - eggs and sperm

- 1 cell (diploid, 2n) produced dissimilar gametes (each haploid, n)

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3
Q

Steps to gamete formation

A

Interphase (G1, S, G2)
Meiosis 1
Meiosis 2

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4
Q

What is happening to interphase of Meiosis

A

Same thing as in Mitosis
Interphase:
- 1) G1: 1 Cell diploid (2n)
- 2) S phase: Replication
- 3) G2 Now sister chromatids

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5
Q

What is happening to the sister chromatids in Meiosis I

A

Meiosis I:
Sister chromatids go through meiosis 1, and the two daughter cells separate into homologous pairs
(2 cells, each haploid (n), sister chromatids)

Between Meiosis I and II Interkinesis NOT Interphase (no DNA replication)

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6
Q

What is happening to the sister chromatids in Meiosis II

A

Meiosis II:
Sister chromatids separate
4 cells, each haploid (n)
single copies

Between Meiosis I and II Interkinesis NOT Interphase (no DNA replication)

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7
Q

What are the similarities between Meiosis and mitosis in Prophase I, II

A

Chromosomes condense (coil up = easy to manipulate)

Nuclear envelope breaks up and nucleoli disappear

Spindle apparatus forms
Kinetochore microtubules capture chromosomes

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8
Q

What are the similarities between Meiosis and Mitosis in Anaphase I, II

A

Cytokinesis begins

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9
Q

What are the similarities between Meiosis and Mitosis in Telophase I, II

A

chromosomes decondense to chromatic
nuclear envelope, nucleoli reappear
spindle disassembles
cytokinesis continues - ends after telophase ends

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10
Q

Differences from Mitosis and Meiosis

A

Meiosis involves reduction division

2n -> n

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11
Q

Differences from Mitosis and Meiosis Prophase I

A

Diploid (2n)
homologous chromosomes attach together, forming tetrads (4 chromatids in a row)

Crossing over occurs

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12
Q

Differences from Mitosis and Meiosis Metaphase I

A

23 tetrads line up along the equator

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13
Q

Differences from Mitosis and Meiosis Anaphase I

A

Diploid (2n)

tetrads (homologous chromosome pairs) separate and migrate to opposite poles
- (1 homologous chromosome with two sister chromatids) goes to each pole
- chromatids DONT seperate

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14
Q

Differences from Mitosis and Meiosis Telophase I

A

Diploid
put cell together again

nuclear envelope reforms
cleavage furrow occurs

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15
Q

Tetrads

Which phase do they form, what happens to the sister chromatids

A

Prophase,

this is when the homologous pairs attach together, forming tetrads (4 chomatids in a row)

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16
Q

Crossing over

Which phase does it occur and what happens to the sister chromatids

A

Prophase I

A peice of sister chromatid exchanges with matching peice from a chromatid of the homologous chromosome I.e non sister chromatid
- this helps increase genetic diversity
ex) you pass on your dads clakc hair with your mom’s blue eyes

17
Q

What happens after meiosis I and cytokinesis ends

A

each new cell has 23 different chromosomes
(1/2 the # of chromosomes ) = haploid

  • these cells DO NOT have homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes 1-23 from mom OR dad (randomly segregated)
- each with sister chromatids

18
Q

Cleavage furrow

Which phase does it occur

A

Telophase I

19
Q

What happens in Meiosis II

A

Same as mitosis except with 23 chromosomes instead of 46

Prophase II

Metaphase II - 23 chromosomes line up at equator

Anaphase II - 23 chromatids migrate to each pole
Telophase II

Cytokinesis - same for mitosis and meiosis (begins in anaphase/anaphase I/anaphase II, and continues through telophase, telophase I, telophase II)

20
Q

Why meiosis?

A

need to turn diplois germ cells into haploid gametes

From germ cell to intermediate to gamete

21
Q

Germ cell

A

primary (1°) oocyte/spermatocyte, 2n

goes through meiosis I and cytokinesis

22
Q

Intermediate

A

Secondary (2°) oocyte/spermatocyte, n

goes through meiosis II and cytokinesis

23
Q

Gamete

A

ovum/spermatozoon(zoa = one), n

24
Q

Fertilization

A

Spermatozoon (n) contacts + penetrates 2° oocyte (n)

triggers completion of Meiosis II in oocyte (n) - becomes ovum egg

then..♂ and ♀ pronuclei unite

then new cell is formed = zygote (2n)

25
Q

2° oocyte is

A

ovulated

26
Q

2° spermatozoa is

A

ejaculated

27
Q

pronucleus

A

triggers completion of Meiosis II in oocyte (n) = fertilization

nucleus of sperm/egg post-fertilization but prior to fusion

Anatomy midterm 1 (15%) (10 decks)

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