meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

in cell division, the process that ensures each gamete is haploid

A

meiosis

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2
Q

matching pairs of chromosomes

A

homolougous pairs

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3
Q

the gametes in male animals

A

sperm

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4
Q

in a female animal, the organ in which eggs are produced; in a plant, the part that holds the young seeds

A

ovary

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5
Q

differences in characteristics caused by genetic and environmental factors

A

variation

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6
Q

having two sets of chromosomes; the diploid number for a human cell is 46 (2 x 23)

A

diploid

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7
Q

the new cell formed by the process of fertilization

A

zygote

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8
Q

the male gonads

A

testes

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9
Q

a specialized cell for reproduction (e.g., egg cell, sperm cell)

A

gamete

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10
Q

having a single set of chromosomes; the haploid number for a human cell is 23

A

haploid

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11
Q

a reproductive organ; in humans, male gonads are called testes and female gonads are called ovaries

A

gonad

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12
Q

the gametes in female animals electric charge a property of matter having an excess of electrons (a negative charge) or a deficiency of electrons (a positive charge)

A

eggs

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13
Q

what are the differences between meiosis and mitosis

A

mitosis produces body / somatic cells where as meiosis produces gametes / sex cells
- also meiosis requires 2 organisms to reproduce where as mitosis can reduce on its own

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14
Q

what are the similarities between meiosis and mitosis

A
  • both involve cell division
  • syntheis of dna occur in both
  • both include Pmat
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15
Q

what happens in prophase 1

A

crossing over occurs

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16
Q

what happens in metaphase 1

A

homologous pairs are stacked on top of eachother aligned on either side of the equilatoral plate

17
Q

what happens in anaphase 1

A

the homologous pairs are pulled apart and move apart to oppisite ends of the cell as spindle fibers contract .

18
Q

what happens in telophase 1

A

the chromosomes arrive at opposite poles of the cell and the chromosomes decondense ,

19
Q

what happens in prophase 2

A

chromosomes condense

20
Q

what happens in metaphase 2

A

the chromosomes line up individually along the metaphase plate

21
Q

what happens in anaphase 2

A

the sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell, the chromosomes are now single stranded

22
Q

what happens in telophase 2

A

nucleur membranes form around each set of chromosomes , the chromosomes decondense .

23
Q

what does diploid mean ?

A

containing two complete sets of chromosomes

24
Q

what are gametes

A

sex cells

25
Q

compare metaphase 1 to metaphase 2

A

in metaphase 1 the chromosomes are stacked on top of eachother as where metaphase 2 has the chromosomes lined up in single file along the metaphase plate

26
Q

compare anaphase 1 to anaphase of mitosis

A

In mitosis the pairs seperate in meiosis they stay together and move to the poles

27
Q

what phase of anaphase is similar to mitosis

A

anaphase ii because the chromosomes move to different poles

28
Q

what are homologous chromosomes

A

Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes that share: The same structural features , the same genes etc

29
Q

what are sister chromatids

A

Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a single replicated chromosome that are connected by a centromere.

30
Q

how many chromosomes are there at the end of meiosis

A

23

31
Q

what are similarities between meiosis and mitosis

A
  • both involve cell division
  • synthesis of dna occur in both
  • similar phases ( pmat )