Meiosis

Question 1

Product

Answer 1

4 haploid daughter cells (gametes)

Question 2

How many stages of meiosis are there

Answer 2

8, 2 divisions so for each one, prophase metaphase anaphase and telophase

Question 3

Explain how genetic variation occurs

Answer 3

The homologous chromosomes (chromosomes containing the same gene- not identical) twist around each other and alleles break off and swap to the other chromosome. This is called crossing over
Occurs in prophase 1

Question 4

Centromere

Answer 4

The middle bit of chromosomes holding it together

Question 5

Metaphase 1

Answer 5

Chromosome pairs like up together at the equator (already having completed crossing over)
They’re randomly organised to each side of the equator (independent assortment)

Question 6

Anaphase 1

Answer 6

Each chromosome is pulled to opposite side of the cell (poles)
Each pole has chromosomes 1-23 containing different alleles

Question 7

Prophase 1

Answer 7

Chromosomes 1-23 from mum and dad find their homologous chromosome pair, and complete crossing over

Question 8

Telophase 1 and cytokinesis

Answer 8

Reforming nuclear envelope
Cell splits (plant cells do second half of meiosis without splitting)

Question 9

Part 2 of meiosis

Answer 9

Second half of meiosis is pretty much mitosis except no replication and not identical daughter cells