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Hematology 2 (Lecture) > Megakaryocyte & Platelets > Flashcards

Megakaryocyte & Platelets Flashcards

1
Q

A complex process that involves the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the megakaryocyte (MK) lineage, proliferation of the progenitors, MK maturation and terminal differentiation that produces platelets

A

megakaryopoiesis

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2
Q

the hormone thought to stimulate the production and maturation of megakaryocytes, which in turn produce platelets, has recently been purified and cloned.

A

thrombopoietin

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3
Q

Thrombopoietin activity results from several different cytokines:

A

Erythropoietin, IL-3, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

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4
Q

Size: 10-24 mm
Nucleus: Round
Nucleoli: 2-6
Chromatin: Homogeneous, loosely organized
Cytoplasm: Basophilic
Granules: Absent by Wright stain
N/C Ratio: 3:1

REFERENCE INTERVAL:
→ Bone Marrow: 20% of megakaryocyte
precursors in bone marrow
→ Peripheral Blood: 0%

A

megakaryoblast

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5
Q

Size: 15-40 mm
Nucleus: Indented
Nucleoli: Variable
Chromatin: Condensed
Cytoplasm: Basophilic
Granules: Present
N/C Ratio: 1:2

REFERENCE INTERVAL:
→ Bone Marrow: 25% of megakaryocyte
precursors in bone marrow
→ Peripheral Blood: 0%

A

promegakaryocyte

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6
Q

the largest bone marrow cells, ranging up to 160mm in size. The nuclear-cytoplasmic (N;C) ratio can be as high as 1:12.

A

megakaryocyte

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7
Q

T/F
Nucleoli are no longer visible.

A

T

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8
Q

Distinctive feature of the megakaryocyte

A

multilobular

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9
Q

Platelets have an average diameter of ____, with younger platelets being larger than older ones.

A

2-4mm

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10
Q

The cytoplasm is ____, with evenly dispersed, fine _____ granules

A

light blue (cytoplasm)
red-purple (granules)

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11
Q

An inactive or unstimulated platelet circulates as a ______

A

thin, smooth-surfaced disc

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12
Q

platelet surface glycoprotein 1b

A

GP 1b

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13
Q

significant in hemolysis process

A

GP IIb/IIa

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14
Q

PF4 meaning

A

platelet factor 4

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15
Q

potent mitogen responsible for cell proliferation

A

PDGG (Platelet Derived Growth Factor)

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16
Q

having multifunctional cytogenes

A

TGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor Beta)

17
Q

blood glycogen involving hemostasis; helps platelet to stick together so that if there is hemolysis, they will still stay together

A

VWF (Von Willebrand Factor)

18
Q

aka fluffy coat

A

the glycocalyx

19
Q

This surrounds the cellular membrane of the
platelet externally

A

the glycocalyx

20
Q

Unique among the cellular components of the blood

A

the glycocalyx

21
Q

Composed of plasma proteins and carbohydrate molecules that are related to the coagulation, complement, and fibrinolytic systems

A

the glycocalyx

22
Q

Located directly beneath the cell membrane of platelet

A

Microfilaments & Microtubules

23
Q

Provide the structure of the platelet to maintain its discoid shape

A

Microfilaments & Microtubules

24
Q

Maintains the position of the organelles

A

Microfilaments & Microtubules

25
Q

most abundant granules

A

alpha granules

26
Q

alpha granules contains:

A

heparin-neutralizing platelet factor 4 (PF 4)
beta-thromboglobulin
platelet-derived growth factor
platelet fibrinogen
fibronectin
von Willebrand factor (vWF)
thrombospondin

27
Q

dense or delta granules contains:

A

serotonin
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
calcium

28
Q

store hydrolase enzymes

A

lysosomes

29
Q

Other Cytoplasmic Constituents

A

Contractile proteins, including actomyosin (thrombosthenin), myosin, and filamin,

Glycogen

Enzymes of the glycolytic and hexose pathways

30
Q

An average megakaryocyte produces about _____

A

1,000 to 2,000 platelets.

31
Q

Marrow transit time/maturation period of megakaryocyte

A

5 days

32
Q

Platelets initially enter the spleen & remains for ___

A

2 days

33
Q

Approximately 2⁄3 of the total number of platelets are in ____

A

systemic circulation

34
Q

The remaining 1⁄3 exists as ____ that free exchange with the general circulation

A

pool of platelets in the spleen

Hematology 2 (Lecture) (3 decks)

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