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Hematology 2 (Lecture) > Blood Vasculature System > Flashcards

Blood Vasculature System Flashcards

1
Q

the maintenance of circulatory hemostasis is achieved through the process of balancing _____ and ____

A

bleeding (hemorrhage) and clotting (thrombosis)

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2
Q

4 major components of hemostasis

A
  1. vascular system
  2. platelets (thrombocytes)
  3. blood coagulation factors
  4. fibrinolytic component
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3
Q

blood vessel spasm a.k.a

A

vasoconstriction

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4
Q

formation of a platelet plug

A

primary hemostasis

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5
Q

contact among damaged blood vessels, blood platelet, and _____

A

coagulation proteins

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6
Q

development of ____ around the injury

A

blood clot

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7
Q

_____ removal of excess hemolytic material to reestablish vascular integrity

A

fibrinolytic

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8
Q

includes all the blood vessels that exist outside the heart

A

blood vasculature

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9
Q

3 blood vessels

A

arteries and arterioles
veins and venules
capillaries

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10
Q

bring oxygen-rich blood and nutrients away from the heart to the tissues and organs

A

arteries and arterioles

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11
Q

major role in nourishing organs with blood and nutrients

A

arteries and arterioles

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12
Q

carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and start again in superior vena cava for reoxygnation

A

veins and venules

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13
Q

always under high pressure

A

arteries

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14
Q

abundance of elastic tissue and less smooth muscle

A

arteries

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15
Q

presence of elastin in the large blood vessels

A

arteries

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16
Q

____ enables these vessels to increase in size and alter their diameter

A

elastin

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17
Q

smaller than arteries but bigger than capillaries

A

arterioles

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18
Q

thin-walled and are less elastic

A

veins

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19
Q

pressure is low

A

veins

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20
Q

can accomodate a large volume of blood

A

veins

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21
Q

one-way valves inside veins that allow for blood flow, toward the heart, in a forward direction

A

veins

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22
Q

Venous blood vessels analogous in size with the arterioles

A

venules

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23
Q

Connects veins and capillaries

A

venules

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24
Q

Tiny blood vessels containing structures that connect arterioles to venules

A

capillaries

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25
Q

Smallest and most abundant form of blood vessel in the body

A

capillaries

26
Q

Allow gas exchange, nutrient transfer, and waste removal between blood and tissue fluids

A

capillaries

27
Q

3 layers of BV

A

An inner layer (vascular intima),

A middle layer (vascular media), and

An outer layer (vascular adventitia)

28
Q

Provided the interface between circulating blood and the body tissues

A

vascular intima

29
Q

Innermost lining of blood vessels which is a monolayer of the metabolically active endothelial cells (ECs)

A

vascular intima

30
Q

Single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

A

endothelium

31
Q

Very thin membrane that lies inside the heart of blood vessels

A

endothelium

32
Q

Releases substances that control vascular relaxation and contraction and produce enzymes that control blood clotting immune functions and platelet adhesion

A

endothelium

33
Q

Are small proteins produced by the endothelial cells in a variety of tissues, where they act as modulators of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production.

A

endothelins

34
Q

3 members of the endothelin family

A

endothelin 1,2,3

35
Q

Is the only family member produced in endothelial cells and is also produced in vascular smooth muscle cells.

A

endothelin-1

36
Q

Is produced predominantly within the kidney and intestine, with smaller amounts produced in the myocardium, placenta, and uterus.

A

endothelin-2

37
Q

Has been found in high concentrations in the brain and may regulate important functions, such as proliferation and development in neurons and astrocytes. It also is found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the lung and kidneys.

A

endothelin-3

38
Q

PROPERTIES OF THE VASCULAR INTIMA THAT INITIATE AND REGULATE HEMOSTASIS AND FIBRINOLYSIS

A

Anticoagulant

Procoagulant

Fibrinolytic

39
Q

Anticoagulant properties:

A

prostacyclin

nitric oxide

tissue pathway factor inhibitor

thrombomodulin

40
Q

a platelet inhibitor and a vasodilator, is synthesized through the eicosanoid pathway and prevents unnecessary or undesirable platelet activation in intact vessels

A

prostacyclin

41
Q

synthesized in ECs, vascular smooth muscle cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, induces smooth muscle relaxation and subsequent vasodilation, inhibits platelet activation, and promotes angiogenesis and
healthy arterioles

A

nitric oxide

42
Q

controls activation of the tissue factor pathway,
also called the extrinsic coagulation pathway

A

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)

43
Q

a known inhibitor of thrombin
formation

A

Thrombomodulin

44
Q

Vasoconstriction
Collagen binding and platelet activation

A

procoagulant

45
Q

Secretes von Willebrand factor (VFW) from
storage sites called ____ when
activated by vasoactive agents such as thrombin

A

Weibel-Palade bodies

46
Q

Acts as the necessary bridge that binds platelets to exposed subendothelial collagen in
arterioles and arteries where blood flows rapidly

A

procoagulant

47
Q

Exposes tissue factor and activate the coagulation
system

A

procoagulant

48
Q

activates fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen to plasmin, which gradually digests fibrin and restores blood flow

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

49
Q

ECs regulate fibrinolysis by providing inhibitors to prevent excessive plasmin generation - plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)

A

Fibrinolytic Property

50
Q

______ can slow down fibrinolysis and increase the tendency for thrombosis

A

Elevations in PAI-1 or TAFI

51
Q

reflex in which blood vessels narrow to increase blood pressure.

A

vasoconstriction

52
Q

caused by ____ from activated platelets and injured epithelial cells, nervous system reflexes from pain, and direct injury to vascular smooth muscle.

A

thromboxane A2

53
Q

promotes vasoconstriction

A

Epinephrine
serotonin

54
Q

Regulates the permeability of the inner vessel wall and provides the principal stimulus to thrombosis following injury to a blood vessel.

A

the role of endothelium

55
Q

Involved in the clotting process by producing or storing clotting components

A

the role of endothelium

56
Q

Rich with plasminogen activator, which, if appropriately stimulated, is released and activates plasminogen, which ensures rapid lysis of fibrin
clots.

A

the role of endothelium

57
Q

Elaborates prostacyclin, which is synthesized by
the endothelium from prostaglandin precursors and strongly inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion.

A

the role of endothelin

58
Q

Play an important role in the initiation, progression, and clinical complications of various forms of inflammatory and degenerative vascular
diseases

A

endothelial dysfunction

59
Q

Immunoregulatory Substances

A

Tumor Necrosis Factor/TNF & Interleukin- 1/IL1

60
Q

maintain the vascular
tone, endothelial integrity, and vascular
permeability

A

Adrenocorticosteroids

61
Q

tightens the endothelial barrier and maintains its integrity during inflammation

A

Ascorbic acid

Hematology 2 (Lecture) (3 decks)

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