Blood Vasculature System

Question 1

the maintenance of circulatory hemostasis is achieved through the process of balancing _____ and ____

Answer 1

bleeding (hemorrhage) and clotting (thrombosis)

Question 2

4 major components of hemostasis

Answer 2

1. vascular system
2. platelets (thrombocytes)
3. blood coagulation factors
4. fibrinolytic component

Question 3

blood vessel spasm a.k.a

Answer 3

vasoconstriction

Question 4

formation of a platelet plug

Answer 4

primary hemostasis

Question 5

contact among damaged blood vessels, blood platelet, and _____

Answer 5

coagulation proteins

Question 6

development of ____ around the injury

Answer 6

blood clot

Question 7

_____ removal of excess hemolytic material to reestablish vascular integrity

Answer 7

fibrinolytic

Question 8

includes all the blood vessels that exist outside the heart

Answer 8

blood vasculature

Question 9

3 blood vessels

Answer 9

arteries and arterioles
veins and venules
capillaries

Question 10

bring oxygen-rich blood and nutrients away from the heart to the tissues and organs

Answer 10

arteries and arterioles

Question 11

major role in nourishing organs with blood and nutrients

Answer 11

arteries and arterioles

Question 12

carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and start again in superior vena cava for reoxygnation

Answer 12

veins and venules

Question 13

always under high pressure

Answer 13

arteries

Question 14

abundance of elastic tissue and less smooth muscle

Answer 14

arteries

Question 15

presence of elastin in the large blood vessels

Answer 15

arteries

Question 16

____ enables these vessels to increase in size and alter their diameter

Answer 16

elastin

Question 17

smaller than arteries but bigger than capillaries

Answer 17

arterioles

Question 18

thin-walled and are less elastic

Answer 18

veins

Question 19

pressure is low

Answer 19

veins

Question 20

can accomodate a large volume of blood

Answer 20

veins

Question 21

one-way valves inside veins that allow for blood flow, toward the heart, in a forward direction

Answer 21

veins

Question 22

Venous blood vessels analogous in size with the arterioles

Answer 22

venules

Question 23

Connects veins and capillaries

Answer 23

venules

Question 24

Tiny blood vessels containing structures that connect arterioles to venules

Answer 24

capillaries

Question 25

Smallest and most abundant form of blood vessel in the body

Answer 25

capillaries

Question 26

Allow gas exchange, nutrient transfer, and waste removal between blood and tissue fluids

Answer 26

capillaries

Question 27

3 layers of BV

Answer 27

An inner layer (vascular intima), A middle layer (vascular media), and An outer layer (vascular adventitia)

Question 28

Provided the interface between circulating blood and the body tissues

Answer 28

vascular intima

Question 29

Innermost lining of blood vessels which is a monolayer of the metabolically active endothelial cells (ECs)

Answer 29

vascular intima

Question 30

Single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Answer 30

endothelium

Question 31

Very thin membrane that lies inside the heart of blood vessels

Answer 31

endothelium

Question 32

Releases substances that control vascular relaxation and contraction and produce enzymes that control blood clotting immune functions and platelet adhesion

Answer 32

endothelium

Question 33

Are small proteins produced by the endothelial cells in a variety of tissues, where they act as modulators of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production.

Answer 33

endothelins

Question 34

3 members of the endothelin family

Answer 34

endothelin 1,2,3

Question 35

Is the only family member produced in endothelial cells and is also produced in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Answer 35

endothelin-1

Question 36

Is produced predominantly within the kidney and intestine, with smaller amounts produced in the myocardium, placenta, and uterus.

Answer 36

endothelin-2

Question 37

Has been found in high concentrations in the brain and may regulate important functions, such as proliferation and development in neurons and astrocytes. It also is found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the lung and kidneys.

Answer 37

endothelin-3

Question 38

PROPERTIES OF THE VASCULAR INTIMA THAT INITIATE AND REGULATE HEMOSTASIS AND FIBRINOLYSIS

Answer 38

Anticoagulant Procoagulant Fibrinolytic

Question 39

Anticoagulant properties:

Answer 39

prostacyclin nitric oxide tissue pathway factor inhibitor thrombomodulin

Question 40

a platelet inhibitor and a vasodilator, is synthesized through the eicosanoid pathway and prevents unnecessary or undesirable platelet activation in intact vessels

Answer 40

prostacyclin

Question 41

synthesized in ECs, vascular smooth muscle cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, induces smooth muscle relaxation and subsequent vasodilation, inhibits platelet activation, and promotes angiogenesis and healthy arterioles

Answer 41

nitric oxide

Question 42

controls activation of the tissue factor pathway, also called the extrinsic coagulation pathway

Answer 42

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)

Question 43

a known inhibitor of thrombin formation

Answer 43

Thrombomodulin

Question 44

Vasoconstriction Collagen binding and platelet activation

Answer 44

procoagulant

Question 45

Secretes von Willebrand factor (VFW) from storage sites called ____ when activated by vasoactive agents such as thrombin

Answer 45

Weibel-Palade bodies

Question 46

Acts as the necessary bridge that binds platelets to exposed subendothelial collagen in arterioles and arteries where blood flows rapidly

Answer 46

procoagulant

Question 47

Exposes tissue factor and activate the coagulation system

Answer 47

procoagulant

Question 48

activates fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen to plasmin, which gradually digests fibrin and restores blood flow

Answer 48

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

Question 49

ECs regulate fibrinolysis by providing inhibitors to prevent excessive plasmin generation - plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)

Answer 49

Fibrinolytic Property

Question 50

______ can slow down fibrinolysis and increase the tendency for thrombosis

Answer 50

Elevations in PAI-1 or TAFI

Question 51

reflex in which blood vessels narrow to increase blood pressure.

Answer 51

vasoconstriction

Question 52

caused by ____ from activated platelets and injured epithelial cells, nervous system reflexes from pain, and direct injury to vascular smooth muscle.

Answer 52

thromboxane A2

Question 53

promotes vasoconstriction

Answer 53

Epinephrine serotonin

Question 54

Regulates the permeability of the inner vessel wall and provides the principal stimulus to thrombosis following injury to a blood vessel.

Answer 54

the role of endothelium

Question 55

Involved in the clotting process by producing or storing clotting components

Answer 55

the role of endothelium

Question 56

Rich with plasminogen activator, which, if appropriately stimulated, is released and activates plasminogen, which ensures rapid lysis of fibrin clots.

Answer 56

the role of endothelium

Question 57

Elaborates prostacyclin, which is synthesized by the endothelium from prostaglandin precursors and strongly inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion.

Answer 57

the role of endothelin

Question 58

Play an important role in the initiation, progression, and clinical complications of various forms of inflammatory and degenerative vascular diseases

Answer 58

endothelial dysfunction

Question 59

Immunoregulatory Substances

Answer 59

Tumor Necrosis Factor/TNF & Interleukin- 1/IL1

Question 60

maintain the vascular tone, endothelial integrity, and vascular permeability

Answer 60

Adrenocorticosteroids

Question 61

tightens the endothelial barrier and maintains its integrity during inflammation

Answer 61

Ascorbic acid