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COE128 > Meet 3-4 > Flashcards

Meet 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q
  • It gather together multiple CPUs to accomplish computational work.
  • They are composed of two or more individual systems coupled together.
  • Provide high availability
  • Can be structure asymmetrically or symmetrically
A

Clustered Systems.

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2
Q

Two things that every OS must be capable of doing.

A
  • Multiprogramming
  • Time Sharing (Multitasking)
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3
Q

The capability of running multiple programs by the CPU.

A

Multiprogramming

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4
Q

Increases the CPU utilization by organizing jobs (code and data) so that the CPU always has one to execute.

A

Multiprogramming

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5
Q
  • The CPU executes multiple jobs by switching among them.
  • Switches occur so frequently that the user can interact with each program while it is running.
  • This requires an interactive (or hands-on) computer system, which provides direct communication between the user and the system.
A

Time Sharing (Multitasking)

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6
Q
  • Uses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to provide each user with a small portion of the time-shared computer.
  • Each user has at least one separate program in memory.
A

Time Sharing (Multitasking)

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7
Q

A program loaded into the memory and is executed is called

A

Process

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8
Q

Human to computer interaction and communication in a device. Ex. CLI, GUI

A

User Interface

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9
Q

CLI stands for

A

Command Line Interface

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10
Q

GUI stands for

A

Graphical User Interface

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11
Q

Run the program in the computer

A

Program Execution

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12
Q

Transfers data to or from a computer

A

I/O Operations

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13
Q
  • The OS controls how the files in your system are manipulated or managed.
  • It also controls the permission that is given to certain programs or users for the access of certain files.
A

File System Manipulation

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14
Q

Process of exchanging information between different components of an OS

A

Communications

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15
Q

When errors occur, your systems must not break down completely and it should not just seize your computing ability completely.

A

Error Detection

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16
Q
  • The OS should allocate the required resources to the process which are asking for those resources.
  • The OS must allocate the resources in an efficient way such that all the processes get the resources that they need.
A

Resource Allocation

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17
Q

Having usage statistics can be valuable for researchers who wish to reconfigure the systems or to improve the computing services.

A

Accounting

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18
Q

When several different processes are executing at the same time, they should not interfere with each other’s operation. And protection involves ensuring that all access to system resources are controlled.

A

Protection and Security

19
Q

9 Operating System Services

A
  1. User Interface
  2. Program Execution
  3. I/O Operations
  4. File System Manipulation
  5. Communications
  6. Error Detection
    7.Resource Allocation
  7. Accounting
  8. Protection and Security
20
Q

Provides an interface to the services made available by an Operating System.

A

System Calls

21
Q

Two modes of operation on which a program can execute.

A
  • User Mode
  • Kernel Mode
22
Q
  • Does not have direct access to memory, to the hardware and the others resources.
  • Safe Mode
A

User Mode

23
Q
  • Has direct access to memory, hardware and other resources.
  • Privileged Mode
A

Kernel

24
Q

When a program is switching from user mode to kernel mode (vice versa) that is known as

A

Context Switching

25
Q

5 Types of System Calls

A
  1. Process Control
  2. File Manipulation
  3. Device Management
  4. Information Maintenance
  5. Communications
26
Q
  • end, abort
  • load, execute
  • create process, terminate process
  • get process attributes, set process attributes
  • wait for time
  • wait event, signal event
  • allocate and free memory
A

Process Control

27
Q
  • create file, delete file
  • open, close
  • read, write, reposition
  • get file attributes, set file attributes
A

File Manipulation

28
Q
  • request device, release device
  • read, write, reposition
  • get device attributes, set device attributes
  • logically attach or detach devices
A

Device Management

29
Q
  • get time or date, set time or date
  • get system data, set system data
  • get process, file, or device attributes
  • set process, file, or device attributes
A

Information Maintenance

30
Q
  • create, delete communication connection
  • send, receive messages
  • transfer status information
  • attach or detach remote devices
A

Communications

31
Q

also known as system utilities, provides a convenient environment for program development and execution.

A

System Programs

32
Q

6 Categories of System Programs

A
  1. File Management
  2. Status Information
  3. File Modification
  4. Programming-language support
  5. Program loading and execution
  6. Communications
33
Q
  • Create
  • Delete
  • Copy
  • Rename
  • Print
  • Dump
  • List and generally manipulate files and directories.
A

File Management

34
Q

Ask the system for:
- Date, Time
- Amount of availability memory or disk space
- Number of users
- Detailed performances
- Logging and debugging information

A

Status Information

35
Q
  • Several text editors may be available to create and modify the content of files stored on disk or other storage devices.
  • There may also be special commands to search contents files or perform transformations of the text.
A

File Modification

36
Q
  • Compilers
  • Assemblers
  • Debuggers
  • Interpreters
A

Programming-language support

37
Q

Once a program is assembled or compiled, it must be loaded into memory to be executed.

The system may provide: (4)

A

Program loading and execution

  • Absolute loaders
  • Relocatable loaders
  • Linkage editors
  • Overlay loaders
38
Q

These programs provide the mechanism for:
- Creating virtual connections among processes, users, and computer systems.
- Allowing users to stand messages to one another’s screens
- To browse Web pages
- To send electronic-mail messages
- To log in remotely, and to transfer files from one machine to another.

A

Communications

39
Q

The system should be convenient to use, easy to learn and to use, reliable, safe, and fast.

A

User Requirement (User Goals)

40
Q

The system should be easy to design, implement, and maintain; and it should be flexible, reliable, error free, and efficient.

A

Designer/Engineer Requirements (System Goals)

41
Q

It determines how to do something

A

Mechanism

42
Q

It determine what will be done

A

Policies

43
Q

Advantages of writing in high level languages (4)

A
  • The code can be written faster
  • It is more compact
  • It is easier to understand and debug
  • It is easier to port

COE128 (7 decks)

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