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COE128 > COE128 Exam - 1 > Flashcards

COE128 Exam - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is a program that manages the computer hardware

A

Operating System

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2
Q

It provides a basis for application programs and acts as an intermediary between the computer user and the computer hardware

A

Operating System

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3
Q

Examples of Operating Systems

A

Mac OS
IOS
Android OS
Linux
Windows

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4
Q

Types of OS

A

Batch OS
Time Sharing OS
Distributed OS
Network OS
Real Time OS
MultiProgramming/Tasking OS

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5
Q

Functions of OS

A
  • It is an interface between the User and the Hardware
  • Allocation of Resources
  • Management of Memory, Security, ect.
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6
Q

Goals of OS

A
  • Convenience
  • Efficiency
  • Both
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7
Q

Its function is to synchronize access to the memory

A

Memory Controller

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8
Q

The initial program that runs when a computer is powered up or rebooted.

A

Bootstrap Program

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9
Q

Refers to the process of starting up a computer or initializing a computer.

A

Booting

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10
Q

The occurrence of an event is usually signaled by an ________ from hardware or software.

A

Interrupt

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11
Q

During the ____________, the computer’s hardware is initialized, and the operating system’s kernel is loaded into memory. Once the kernel is loaded, it takes over control of the system and starts executing the necessary system services and drivers to bring the computer to a fully operational state.

A

Booting Process

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12
Q

Hardware may trigger an _________ at any time by sending a signal to the CPU, usually by the ways of the system bus.

A

Interrupt

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13
Q

Software may trigger an interrupt by executing a special operation called ________.

A

System Call

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14
Q

The fixed location usually contains the starting address where the ____________ is located.

A

Service Routine

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15
Q

Storage-device Hierarchy

A

Register ↔ Cache ↔ Main Memory ↔ Electronic Disk ↔ Magnetic Disk ↔ Optical Disk ↔ Magnetic Tapes

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16
Q

Memory that last only while the power is on (and thus would be lost after a restart).

A

Volatile Memory

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17
Q

Types of Computer Memory

A

Volatile Memory and Non-Volatile Memory

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18
Q

Is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed.

A

Non-Volatile Memory

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19
Q

Why is it not possible to store program and data to the main memory?

A
  • It is too small to store all needed programs and data permanently
  • It is volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off.
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20
Q

Able to hold large quantities of data permanently.

A

Secondary Memory

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21
Q

An extension to the main memory

A

Secondary Memory

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22
Q

Types of Computer System

A
  • Single Processor System
  • Multi Processor System
  • Clustered System
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23
Q

One main CPU capable of executing a general purpose instruction set, including instructions from user processes.

A

Single Processor System

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24
Q

Also known as parallel systems or tightly coupled system

A

Multiprocessor System

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25
Q

Has two or more processors in close communication, sharing the computer bus and sometimes clock, memory and peripheral devices.

A

Multiprocessor System

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26
Q

Advantages of Multiprocessor Systems

A
  • Increase throughput
  • Economy of Scale
  • Increase Reliability
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27
Q

Types of Multiprocessor Systems

A

Symmetric Multiprocessing and Asymmetric Multiprocessing

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28
Q

It gather together multiple CPUs to accomplish computational work.

A

Clustered Systems

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29
Q

It is composed of two or more individual systems coupled together.

A

Clustered Systems

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30
Q

It provides high availability and can be structured asymmetrically or symetrically.

A

Clustered Systems

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31
Q

Two things that every OS must be capable of doing.

A
  • Multiprogramming
  • Time Sharing (Multitasking)
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32
Q

The capability of running multiple programs by the CPU.

A

Multiprogramming

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33
Q

Increases the CPU utilization by organizing jobs (code and data) so that the CPU always has one to execute.

A

Multiprogramming

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34
Q

Provides an environment in which the various system resources are utilized effectively, but they do not provide for user interaction with the computer system.

A

Multiprogrammed System

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35
Q

The CPU executes multiple jobs by switching among them.

A

Time Sharing (Multitasking)

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36
Q

Switches occur so frequently that the user can interact with each program while it is running.

A

Time Sharing (Multitasking)

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37
Q

It requires an interactive (or hands-on) computer system, which provides direct communication between the user and the system.

A

Time Sharing (Multitasking)

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38
Q

A ________ allows many users to share the computer simultaneously.

A

Time-Shared Operating System

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39
Q

Uses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to provide each user with a small portion of the time-share computer.

A

Time Sharing (Multitasking)

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40
Q

A program loaded into the memory and is executed is called _______.

A

Process

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41
Q

9 Operating System Services

A
  • User Interface
  • Program Execution
  • I/O Operations
  • File System Manipulation
  • Communication
  • Error Detection
  • Resource Allocation
  • Accounting
  • Protection and Security
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42
Q

Human to computer interaction and communication in a device.

A

User Interface

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43
Q

Two Types of User Interface

A

CLI - Command Line Interface
GUI - Graphical User Interface

44
Q

Run the program in the computer.

A

Program Execution

45
Q

Transfer data to or from a computer.

A

I/O Operation

46
Q

The OS controls how the files in your system are manipulated or managed.

A

File System Manipulation

47
Q

It controls the permission that is given to certain programs or users for the access of certain files.

A

File System Manipulation

48
Q

Process of exchanging information between different components of an OS.

A

Communications

49
Q

When error occur, your system must not break down completely and it should not just seize your computing ability completely.

A

Error Detection

50
Q

The OS should allocate the required resource to the processes which are asking for those resources.

A

Resource Allocation

51
Q

The OS must allocate the resources in an efficient way such that all the processes get the resources that they need.

A

Resource Allocation

52
Q

Having usage of statistics can be valuable for researchers who wish to reconfigure the systems or to improve the computing services.

A

Accounting

53
Q

When several different processes are executing at the same time, they should not interfere with each other’s operation. And it involves ensuring that all access to system resources are controlled.

A

Protection and Security

54
Q

Provides an interface to the services made available by an Operating System.

A

System Calls

55
Q

Two modes of operation on which a program can execute.

A
  • User Mode
  • Kernel Mode
56
Q
  • Does not have direct access to memory, to the hardware and other resources.
  • Safe Mode
A

User Mode

57
Q
  • Has direct access to memory, hardware and other resources.
  • Privileged Mode
A

Kernel Mode

58
Q

When a program is switching from user mode to kernel mode (vice versa) that is known as _________.

A

Context Switching

59
Q

It is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the OS.

A

System Call

60
Q

end, abort

A

Process Control

60
Q

5 Types of System Call

A
  1. Process Control
  2. Device Control
  3. File Manipulation
  4. Information Maintainance
  5. Communications
60
Q

load, execute

A

Process Control

60
Q

create process, terminate process

A

Process Control

60
Q

get process attributes, set process attributes

A

Process Control

60
Q

wait for time

A

Process Control

61
Q

wait event, signal event

A

Process Control

61
Q

allocate and free memory

A

Process Control

61
Q

create file, delete file

A

File Manipulation

62
Q

open, close

A

File Manipulation

63
Q

read, write, reposition

A

File Manipulation

64
Q

get file attributes, set files attributes

A

File Manipulation

65
Q

request device, release device

A

Device Management

66
Q

get device attributes, set device attributes

A

Device Management

67
Q

logically attach or detach devices

A

Device Management

68
Q

get time or date , set time or date

A

Information Maintenance

69
Q

get system data, set system data

A

Information Maintenance

70
Q

get process, file, or device attributes

A

Information Maintenance

71
Q

set process, file, or device attributes

A

Information Maintenance

72
Q

create, delete communication connection

A

Communications

73
Q

send, receive messages

A

Communications

74
Q

transfer status information

A

Communications

75
Q

attach or detach remote devices

A

Communications

76
Q

Also known as system utilities, provide convenient environment for program development and execution.

A

System Programs

77
Q

6 Categories of System Programs

A
  1. File Management
  2. File Modification
  3. Status Information
  4. Programming-language Support
  5. Program Loading and Execution
  6. Communication
78
Q

Create, Delete, Copy, Rename, Print, Dump, List, and generally manipulate file and directions.

A

File Management

79
Q

Ask the system for:
- Date, Time
- Amount of available memory or disk space
- Number of users
- Detailed performance
- Logging and debugging information

A

Status Information

80
Q

Several text editors may be available to create and modify the content of files stored on disk or other storage device.

A

File Modification

81
Q
  • Compilers
  • Assemblers
  • Debuggers
  • Interpreters
    for common programming languages
A

Programming-language Support

82
Q

Once a program is assembled or compiled, it must be loaded into memory to be executed.

A

Program Loading and Execution
The system may provide:
- Absolute loaders
- Relocatable loaders
- Linkage editors
- Overlay loaders

83
Q

These programs provide the mechanism for:
- Creating virtual connections among processes, users, and computer systems.
- Allowing users to send messages to one another’s screens
-To browse Web pages
- To send electronic-mail messages
- To log in remotely, and to transfer files from one machine to another .

A

Communications

84
Q

The system should be convenient to use, easy to learn and to use, reliable, safe, and fast.

A

User Requirements (User Goals)

85
Q

The system should be easy to design, implement, and maintain; and it should be flexible, reliable, error free, and efficient.

A

Designer/ Engineer Requirements (System Goals)

86
Q

Determines how to do something.

A

Mechanism

87
Q

Determines what will be done.

A

Policies

88
Q

Advantages of writing in high level languages.

A
  • The code can be written faster
  • It is more compact
  • It is easier to understand
  • It is easier to port
89
Q

The fundamental idea behind a ____________ is to abstract the hardware or a single computer into several different execution environment, thereby creating the illusion that each separate execution environment is running its own private computer.

A

Virtual Machines

90
Q

Two Modes of Virtual Machine

A

Virtual user mode
Virtual kernel mode

91
Q

Advantages of Virtual Machines

A
  • Isolation
  • Resource Sharing
  • Convenience
  • Security
  • Compatibility
  • Software Development and Testing
92
Q

VMs provide a high degree of isolation between the guest operating system (OS) and the host OS.

A

Isolation

93
Q

VMs can efficiently share physical resources, such as CPU, RAM, and storage, with the host and other VMs.

A

Resource Sharing

94
Q

Can simultaneously run multiple operating systems on a single physical machine

A

Convenience

95
Q

VMs are often considered more secure because any issue or malware in one VM are isolated from other VMs and the host OS.

A

Security

96
Q

VMs allow you to run operating systems that may not be compatible with the host hardware.

A

Compatibility

97
Q

Developers can create isolated environments to test different software configurations or conduct cross-platform testing.

A

Software Development and Testing

98
Q

Examples of Virtual Machine Software

A

Oracle VirtualBox
VMware Workstation
Microsoft Hyper-V
KMV(Kernel-based Virtual Machine)

COE128 (7 decks)

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