COE128 Exam - 1 Flashcards
Is a program that manages the computer hardware
Operating System
It provides a basis for application programs and acts as an intermediary between the computer user and the computer hardware
Operating System
Examples of Operating Systems
Mac OS
IOS
Android OS
Linux
Windows
Types of OS
Batch OS
Time Sharing OS
Distributed OS
Network OS
Real Time OS
MultiProgramming/Tasking OS
Functions of OS
- It is an interface between the User and the Hardware
- Allocation of Resources
- Management of Memory, Security, ect.
Goals of OS
- Convenience
- Efficiency
- Both
Its function is to synchronize access to the memory
Memory Controller
The initial program that runs when a computer is powered up or rebooted.
Bootstrap Program
Refers to the process of starting up a computer or initializing a computer.
Booting
The occurrence of an event is usually signaled by an ________ from hardware or software.
Interrupt
During the ____________, the computer’s hardware is initialized, and the operating system’s kernel is loaded into memory. Once the kernel is loaded, it takes over control of the system and starts executing the necessary system services and drivers to bring the computer to a fully operational state.
Booting Process
Hardware may trigger an _________ at any time by sending a signal to the CPU, usually by the ways of the system bus.
Interrupt
Software may trigger an interrupt by executing a special operation called ________.
System Call
The fixed location usually contains the starting address where the ____________ is located.
Service Routine
Storage-device Hierarchy
Register ↔ Cache ↔ Main Memory ↔ Electronic Disk ↔ Magnetic Disk ↔ Optical Disk ↔ Magnetic Tapes
Memory that last only while the power is on (and thus would be lost after a restart).
Volatile Memory
Types of Computer Memory
Volatile Memory and Non-Volatile Memory
Is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed.
Non-Volatile Memory
Why is it not possible to store program and data to the main memory?
- It is too small to store all needed programs and data permanently
- It is volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off.
Able to hold large quantities of data permanently.
Secondary Memory
An extension to the main memory
Secondary Memory
Types of Computer System
- Single Processor System
- Multi Processor System
- Clustered System
One main CPU capable of executing a general purpose instruction set, including instructions from user processes.
Single Processor System
Also known as parallel systems or tightly coupled system
Multiprocessor System