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CNS > Medulla oblongata and pons > Flashcards

Medulla oblongata and pons Flashcards

1
Q

which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the medulla oblongata

A

CN 5-12 minus 6

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2
Q

general functions of the MO

A
  • passive fiber conduction

- relay nuclei; gracilis, cuneatus, inferior olivary nucleus

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3
Q

MO measurements (length and depth)

A
  1. 5-3 cm long

1. 25 cm deep (anterior to posterior)

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4
Q

which structure of the MO relays information into the cerebellum’s central nuclei and cortex?

A

inferior olivary nucleus

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5
Q

where is the superior olivary nucleus located and what is its function?

A

located in the pons and is auditory in function

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6
Q

which structure of the MO is composed of a matrix of fibers running in all directions and nuclei?

A

reticular formation

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7
Q

the reticular formation of the MO is continuous with the reticular formations of which 4 other structures?

A

cervical cord, pons, midbrain and diencephalon

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8
Q

what does the complete reticular formation control?

A

general arousal of activity states in the CNS. Plays a role in wakefulness and all states of attention

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9
Q

these bilateral ventromedial structures run along the entire length of the MO and are easy to locate but do not look like their name

A

pyramids

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10
Q

what fibers are located in the pyramids?

A

pyramidal- UMN

corticospinal

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11
Q

which fibers cross(decussate) in the pyramids?

A

90% of the lateral corticospinal

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12
Q

which structure is a bilateral strand of ascending fibers seen through the length of the MO, pons, midbrain and terminate in the thalamus

A

medial lemniscus of the brain

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13
Q

the medial lemniscus of the brain enlarges halfway up the midbrain as it receives about a million ____1_____ from the opposite ___2___ and ____3____

A
  1. arcuate fibers
  2. gracilis
  3. cuneatus
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14
Q

which nuclei has parasympathetic control of ciliary and pupillary constrictor smooth muscles of the eye?

A

accessory oculomotor nuclei

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15
Q

which nuclei has somatic muscle control for 4 of the 6 extraocular eye muscles and upper eyelid?

A

7 muscles total- oculomotor nuclei

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16
Q

which nuclei has somatic motor muscle control for the superior oblique extraocular eye muscle?

A

trochlear nucleus

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17
Q

which nuclei has proprioception from muscles of mastication and periodontal ligaments of the teeth?

A

trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

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18
Q

which nuclei has somatic motor to muscles of mastication?

A

trigeminal motor nucleus- also tensor villi palatini, tensor tympani, anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid

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19
Q

which nuclei has somatic motor control for the lateral rectus extraocular eye muscle?

A

abducens nucleus

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20
Q

which nuclei has most superficial somatic motor muscles of the scalp and face(facial expression)

A

facial nucleus

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21
Q

which nuclei has parasympathetic control of lacrimal glands, submandibular glands and sublingual salivary glands?

A

superior salivary nucleus

22
Q

which nuclei has parasympathetic control of parotid salivary gland?

A

inferior salivary nucleus

23
Q

equilibrium and hearing are in these nuclei and are 6 nuclei together subdivided into parts

A

vestibular and cochlear nuclei

24
Q

which nuclei has somatic motor control for 16 of the 18 tongue muscles

A

hypoglossal nucleus

25
Q

which nucleus is sensory and motor for organs supplied such as voice, heart, lung and intestines in the X CN?

A

posterior (dorsal) nucleus of valgus

26
Q

CN IX, X, and XI all share this nucleus in the delivery of visceral efferent fibers to the pharynx musculature

A

nucleus ambiguus

27
Q

which nuclei has sensory reception via the VII IX and X CN primarily dealing with taste from tongue, palate and pharynx?

A

nucleus solitarius

28
Q

which nuclei is the main sensory reception nucleus for the face dealing with pain, thermal, discriminative, tactile and proprioception

A

spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve- CN VII IX and X also contribute here; caudal section extends down to C3-C4 levels

29
Q

which nuclei has somatic motor for movement of the important neck/head muscles called the SCM and trapezius?

A

spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve- most fibers originate in upper 5 cerv. cords and lower MO

30
Q

what are axons with cell bodies in the cerebral cortex that descend to MO?

A

corticobulbar fibers- UNM- pyramidal

31
Q

what is the medial longitudinal fasciculus responsible for?

A

another tract that is involved with swallowing, chewing, balance, coordination and eye movements

32
Q

which type of stroke comes from a dissection of the vertebrobasilar arteries or branches and is the most common in chiropractic adjustments?

A

lateral medullary stroke syndrome or wallenberg’s stroke

33
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of a wallenberg’s stroke?

A

loss of pain/temp on one side of face and opposite side body

34
Q

what are the functions of the pons?

A
  • fiber conduction
  • important relay center for fibers going into cerebellum
  • the pontine reticular formation is an important control center for respiratory and cardiovascular control via the medial reticulospinal tracts
35
Q

what CN nuclei are in the pons?

A

5-8

36
Q

what does the dorsal part of the pons form?

A

rhomboid fossa

37
Q

what CN has its origin in the lateral wall of the pons?

A

the largest, CN V trigeminal

38
Q

what are the 2 subdivisions of the pons?

A

tegmentum- dorsal

basilar- ventral

39
Q

where are the corticospinal fibers of the pons found?

A

the basilar division just off the ventral boundary

40
Q

where is the medial lemniscus of pons?

A

basilar division

41
Q

what do the pontine nuclei do?

A

relay input from cerebral cortex back to cerebellum via the middle cerebral peduncle

42
Q

which part of the pons is an auditory pathway?

A

lateral leminiscus

43
Q

which nuclei contribute axons to the lateral lemniscus of the pons?

A

anterior and posterior cochlear nuclei and superior olivary nuclei

44
Q

which pathway ascends to the diencephalons medial geniculate body?

A

lateral lemniscus- but many terminate in the inferior colliculus of the midbrain

45
Q

where is the exact inferior border of the MO?

A

superior most ventral rootlet of C1

46
Q

origin of CN IX, X, and XI

A

posterolateral sulcus

47
Q

origin of CN VI

A

inferior pontine sulcus

48
Q

origin of CN VII and VIII

A

pontocerebellar angle

49
Q

origin of CN XII

A

ventrolateral sulcus

50
Q

chemoreceptors in what 2 areas of the brainstem detect toxins in the blood and trigger vomiting?

A

obex and area postrema

CNS (8 decks)

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