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CNS > cerebellum > Flashcards

cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

the cerebellum integrates very rapidly a host of sensory input information on the momentary status of what 4 functions?

A

muscle contraction
joint tension
visual and auditory input on equilibrium

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2
Q

because of the cerebellum’s ability to integrate quickly, what 3 things can it aid in the body?

A

aids and influences muscle tone
aids posture
aids in making skilled somatic muscle movements

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3
Q

is the input of the cerebellum conscious or subconscious? and what side does it influence?

A

its input is entirely subconscious and ipsilateral

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4
Q

what is the greatest attribute of the cerebellum?

A

its ability to compensate

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5
Q

in the inferior peduncle of the cerebellum afferent neurons _____ and efferent are _______

A

dominate, present

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6
Q

in the middle peduncle of the cerebellum there are only _____ neurons

A

afferent

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7
Q

in the superior peduncle afferent neurons are _____ and efferent neurons _______

A

present, dominate

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8
Q

approximately 20% of all childhood brain tumors are?

A

medulloblastomas

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9
Q

the vestibulocerebellum is in what lobe and what is it’s input?

A

flocculonodular lobe with vestibular nucleus input

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10
Q

spinocerebellum is in what lobes?

A

anterior, vermis and medial posterior lobes

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11
Q

what is the input for the spinocerebellum division?

A

spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar

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12
Q

what is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

A

posture, equilibrium and balance

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13
Q

what is the function of the spinocerebellum?

A

muscle tone, trunk and limb movements

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14
Q

what is the lobe of the cerebrocerebellum?

A

lateral posterior

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15
Q

what is the input for the cerebrocerebellum?

A

cortico-pontocerebellar

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16
Q

what is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?

A

planning and coordination of skilled movement

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17
Q

what is another name for the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

corpus medullare

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18
Q

the white matter of the cerebellum is naturally continuous with?

A

the 6 cerebellar penduncles

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19
Q

what 4 things make up the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

afferent projection fibers
efferent projection fibers
commissural fibers
association fibers

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20
Q

extensions of white matter toward the periphery of the cerebellum is known as the?

A

arbor vitae

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21
Q

what are the 4 pairs of nuclei in the white matter of the cerebellum called?

A

deep or central cerebellar nuclei

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22
Q

the gray cortex of the cerebellum is fairly uniform as to?

A

depth and cytoarchitecture

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23
Q

what are the neuron cell types that are found in the cerebellum? There are 5

A 
purkinje neurons
golgi II 
stellate
basket
granular
24
Q

what are the 3 laminae layers of the cerebellum?

A

outer-molecular
middle-purkinje cell body
inner-granular

25
Q

what are the 2 types of outside axons that bring input to the cerebellar cortical laminae?

A

mossy fibers- synapse on granule cells

climbing fibers

26
Q

which laminae/layer has a lot of synaptic activity?

A

outer molecular layer

27
Q

which laminae/layer only has axons carrying info away from the cerebellar cortex?

A

middle- purkinje layer

28
Q

which laminae/layer has lots of granule cells?

A

inner- granular layer

29
Q

purkinje fibers are fibers that?

A

take messages away from the cerebellar cortex

30
Q

the purkinje layer contains how many cell bodies?

A

30 million purkinje neuron cell bodies

31
Q

what part of the purkinje cell layer extends up into the molecular layer?

A

the dendrites which can have up to 150,000 branches

-some are smooth and some spined

32
Q

which type of axons are the only efferent (outgoing) fibers from the cerebellar cortex and where do they terminate?

A

myelinated purkinje axons and they terminate in the deep central cerebellar nuclei however, some bypass to end in deiter’s portion of the vestibular nucleus

33
Q

the neurotransmitter released by the purkinje axon is excitatory or inhibitory to its target sites?

A

inhibitory (GABA)

34
Q

granular cell dendrites are stimulated by incoming ________

A

mossy fibers

35
Q

the axon from each granular cell ascends into the molecular layer where it bifurcates and makes synapse with?

A

spined branches of the purkinje cell dendrites

36
Q

what is the neurotransmitter from the granular neuron?

A

glutamate

37
Q

what is the brain’s most abundant neurochemical?

A

glutamate

38
Q

mossy fibers are __1___ and originate from ___2___ and ___3___

A
  1. numerous- more so than climbing
  2. spinocerebellar
  3. corticopontocerebellar
39
Q

granular cell axons ascend to synapse with ____

A

spined dendritic branches of the purkinje cells in the molecular layer

40
Q

what do purkinje cell axons influence(inhibit)?

A

the deep central cerebellar nuclei

41
Q

if the purkinje cell is not excited(firing) then ______ results are minimal. what is the neurotransmitter involved with this?

A

inhibitory, GABA

42
Q

are climbing fibers excitatory or inhibitory?

A

extremely excitatory- reaching the purkinje cells smooth dendritic branches directly

43
Q

where do climbing fibers originate?

A

inferior olivary nucleus (aspartate is the amino acid involved)

44
Q

what are the 4 nuclei that exist deep within the white matter of each hemisphere?

A 
most lateral to most medial:
dentate- largest
emboliform
globose
fastigial- most primitive
45
Q

purkinje axons from the cortex of the vestibulocerebellum go to the?

A

vestibular nucleus

46
Q

purkinje axons from the cortex of the spinocerebellum go to the?

A

interposed nucleus and fastigial nucleus

47
Q

purkinje axons from the cortex of the cerebrocerebellum go to the?

A

dentate nucleus

48
Q

axons from outside the cerebellum go directly to the?

A

deep cerebellar nuclei

49
Q

fastigial nucleus fibers exit the inferior cerebellar penduncles to terminate where? there are 3 places

A

vestibular nucleus
reticular formation
nuclei for cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6

50
Q

interposed nucleus axons generally extend to what 2 places via the superior cerebellar peduncles?

A

red nucleus and reticular formations

51
Q

dentate axons generally reach the thalamus with collateral branches being sent to what?

A

the red nucleus

52
Q

which cerebellar disorder presents as a lack of order or coordination causing abnormal performance of motor acts such as staggering or falling backward?

A

ataxia, typically in the neocerebellar lobe

53
Q

trying to make a precise movement which causes a tremor, this is opposite of parkinsons

A

intention tremor, usually from a lesion in the neocerebellar lobe

54
Q

disorder where measured movements are difficult, overshooting or undershooting a target

A

dysmetria

55
Q

disorder that causes repetitive jerking eye movements

A

nystagmus

CNS (8 decks)

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