Medulla

Question 1

-In the groove between the pyramid and the olive emerge the rootlets of the ?

Answer 1

hypoglossal nerve

Question 2

-Posterior to the olives are the inferior cerebellar peduncles, Between them emerge the roots of the?

Answer 2

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and the cranial roots of the accessory nerve.

Question 3

-inferior half of the medulla is continuous with the posterior aspect of the spinal cord and possesses a posterior median sulcus.

• On each side of the median sulcus, there is an elongated swelling, the ?

Answer 3

gracile tubercle
cuneate tubercle

Question 4

-superior half of the medulla oblongata forms the ?

Answer 4

lower part of the floor of the fourth ventricle.
Rhomboidal fossa

Question 5

INTERNAL STRUCTURE of medulla four leveles?

Answer 5

A . level of decussation of pyramids
B. level of decussation of lemnisci
C. level of the olives,
D. level just inferior to the pons.

Question 6

A . level of decussation of pyramids ?

Answer 6

-superior part of the medulla the corticospinal fibers form the pyramid

-inferiorly fibers cross median plane and continue down the spinal cord in the lateral white column as the lateral corticospinal tract.

-fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus
-The nucleus gracilis and the nucleus cuneatus appear

-substantia gelatinosa becomes continuous with the inferior end of the nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve.

Question 7

B. level of decussation of lemnisci ?

Answer 7

-(sensory decussation ) above the level of the decussation of the pyramids. posterior to the pyramids مكانه

-trigeminal nerve neuclus lies lateral internal arcuate fibers.
spinal tract of the trigemina. nerve lies lateral to the nucleus

-lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts and the spinotectal Lies lateral to the decussation of the lemnisci .

Question 8

Lemnisci are formed from the ?

Answer 8

internal arcuate fibers which have emerged from the anterior aspects of the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus.

Question 9

C. level of the olives?

Answer 9

-gray matter increases
-olivary nuclear complex The nuclei of the
Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, and Hypoglossal nerves
-cochlear nuclei
-Nucleus Ambiguus (deep within the reticular formation)
-Arcuate nuclei

largest nucleus of this complex is the inferior olivary nucleus هي الالي سوت الارتفاع
associated with voluntary muscle movement