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Block 2 Miscellaneous > Meds On Exam One > Flashcards

Meds On Exam One Flashcards

0
Q

-dipine?

What med is this?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker / Vasodilators

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1
Q

What do Beta Blockers do in the Body?

A

This med inhibits SNS activation (fight or flight response) which decreases vasoconstriction. This causes the vessels to dilate causing low BP. Watch for bronchospasm because it can have the same effect in the lungs.

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2
Q

-pril

What med is this?

A

ACE Inhibitor

Treats systolic and diastolic HF and increases survival.

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3
Q

-olol

What med is this?

A

Beta Blocker

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4
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do in the body?

A

This med prevents angiotensin 1 from turning into angiotensin 2 which prevents the adrenal glands from secreting aldosterone (ald-retains salt and water) and prevents vasoconstriction.

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5
Q

What do Thiazide diuretics do in the body?

A

This med increases excretion of water and salt to decrease blood volume and blood pressure. Can be used to treat CAD.

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6
Q

What do ARB meds do in the body?

A

They prevent angiotensin 2 from binding to the smooth muscle walls of the blood vessels to decrease vasoconstriction but it allows the body to retain salt and water? Double check the last part

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7
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do in the body?

A

This med causes sodium and water to be excreted in the urine by the idk? and causes vasodilation both used to decrease blood volume and blood pressure.

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8
Q

What is the order of Drug Therapy for HTN?

A
  1. D - Thiazide Diuretic
  2. A - ACE Inhibitor -pril suffix
  3. B - Calcium Channel Blocker -dipine suffix
  4. B - Beta Blocker -olol suffix

In elderly [Calcium Channel Blockers] may be the first in the order of drug therapy due to lack of body water.

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9
Q

What does ADH do in the body?

A

Cause the body to retain salt and water. This is the body naturally trying to increase blood pressure.

(Anti-Diuretic Hormone)

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10
Q

What meds are given to induce stress on the heart in a stress test?

A

Dipyridamole
Adenosine
Dobutamine

After administering monitor EKG and BP

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11
Q

What does Metformin do in the body?

A

Anti-Diabetic used to lower blood sugar.

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12
Q

What is a Serious Complication when using Metformin?

A

Has an adverse reaction when used with Radionuclide Injections which can also be called a Thallium Scan (Cardiac Cath Dye) these meds include:
Dipyridamole
Adenosine
Dobutamine

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13
Q

Name the 6 most common meds used to treat Coronary Artery Disease and Angina?

A 
Nitrates
Calcium Channel Blockers
ACE Inhibitors
Beta-Blockers
Cholesterol Lowering Drugs
Anti-Platelet Therapy
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14
Q

-Statin

What med is this?

A

Anti-Lipidemic

HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor. This blocks the enzymes necessary to create cellular cholesterol by blocking the HMG Co-A enzyme. Breaks down cholesterol in the blood.

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15
Q

-Ase

What is this med?

A

This med does the action of an enzyme.

Ex. The HMG-CoA Reductase enzyme causes the cell to create cellular cholesterol.

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16
Q

What are the 6 most common drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia?

A 
HMG-CoA Inhibitors
-statins 
Niacin
Bile Acid Sequestrence
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Fibrates
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17
Q

What does Atorvastatin do in the body?

A

Anti-lipidemic
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Decreases cholesterol level decreases serum lipid level and decreases risk of CVA sequelae
LIPITOR

Sandostatin meds are given to organ transplant patients. NOT a cholesterol inhibiting agent.

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18
Q

Name 6 -statin medications?

Generic and Trade Name

A 
Lovastatin / Mevacor 
Pravastatin / Pracachol
Simvastatin / Zocor
Fluvastatin  / Lescol
Atorvastatin / Lipitor
Rosuvastatin / Crestor
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19
Q

What does Nicotinic Acid do in the body?

A

Niacin Anti-Lipidemic

Increases excretion of triglycerides from the blood stream. Decreases LDLs and Increases HDLs.

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20
Q

What does Vitamin D3 do in the body?

A

Anti-lipidemic.

Inhibits release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue.

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21
Q

What do antiplatelet drugs do in the body?

A

They prevent platelets from aggregating or coming together. Preventing the formation of the platelet plug.

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22
Q

What do anticoagulant drugs do in the body?

A

They interfere with the clotting cascade and thrombin formation. They prevent the clotting cascade from occurring.
*Mostly used in regards to deep vein thrombosis.

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23
Q

What are the most common recommended prophylaxis dosages of aspirin?

A

81mg
162mg
325mg

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24
Q

Why is a patient given aspirin one time a day if they do not have any pain and they have a standing order?

A

Use for prevention of clients and patients that are in high-risk for myocardial infarction or stroke.

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25
Q

What is the normal dose for aspirin for pain?

A

650mg

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26
Q

Name the 6 antiplatelet medications used in coagulation therapy?

A 
Aspirin 
Heparin
Warfarin
Clopidogrel/Plavix in ACS 
Eptifibatide/Integrilin used with ASA and Heparin given IV in ACS and PCI
Ticlopidine Hydrochloride/Ticlid
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27
Q

What does the med Prazosin do in the body?

A

Vasodilator. This is an alpha andrenergic blocker that causes dilation of arteriolar and veins and causes orthostatic hypotension. This causes orthostatic hypotension. Causes the patient to become dizzy, weak, and faint when sitting up.

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28
Q

What does nitroglycerin do in the body?

A

Vasodilation mostly used to treat HF. Relax smooth muscle on the blood vessels which decreases BP which makes it easier on the heart to pump to no resistance.

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29
Q

What do Beta Blockers, Amiodarone, and Calcium Channel Blockers have in common?

A

All are Anti-Dysrhythmics

BBs also cast vasodilation in the lungs and can cause peripheral edema and CCBs can cause peripheral edema.

30
Q

What is the therapeutic class of Digoxin?

A

Cardiac Glycoside

31
Q

What does Aminophylline do in the body?

A

Increase Vasodilation. Bronchodilator used to treat asthma and bronchospasms. Used to treat HF.

32
Q

What does ticlopidine do in the body?

A

Used to open clogged central lines. Called Plavix’s evil brother because adverse reactions include agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, cerebral bleeding, and neutropenia. REPLACED BY CLOPIDROGREL.

33
Q

What does Clopidogrel do in the body?

A

Decreases clot formation. Replacing Ticlid. Used to treat acute coronary syndrome only used in patients with a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Adverse Effect of Neutropenia.

34
Q

What does Acetylsalicylic Acid do in the body?

A

Aka as Aspirin. This medication inhibits the Cox 1 enzyme which promotes platelet aggregation. This prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins which is a factor in inflammation. This inhibits platelets from forming a clot. Prostaglandins cause vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and sensitizes nerve cells to pain. Inhibiting this inhibits inflammatory process. Prevents fibrin from forming clots.

35
Q

-Sartan

A

Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers

Pts that use this don’t respond well to ace inhibitors. Used to treat HF.

36
Q

What meds have a base of sulfa which can cause an allergic reaction in patients?

A

Captopril and Furosemide

37
Q

What does Digoxin bind too that can cause it to cause toxicity in the body?

A

Protein

38
Q

Digoxin is a ______ inotrope and ________chronotrope medication.

A

Positive Inotrope because it increases strength.

Negative Chronotrope because it slows down the time or rate of contractions.

39
Q

What is a common effects of Digoxin toxicity?

A 
Halos around lights.
Fatigue
Anorexia
HA
N/V
Blurred Vision
Bradycardia
AV Block
Dysrhythmias
40
Q

What is the antidote for Digoxin?

A

Digoxin Immune Fab / Digibind

Binds with Digoxin and excretes it in the urine.

41
Q

Digoxin can have an increase risk for toxicity when used with what meds?

A

Thiazide and Loop Diuretics

42
Q

What fluid and electrolyte imbalance can cause Digoxin toxicity?

A

Hypokalemia

Assess apical pulse to check if less than 60 then HOLD meds. Labs: check digoxin level must be drawn 6-8 hours after dose and check K+ level. Teach patient how to take pulse and s/sx of toxicity.

43
Q

What does heparin do in the body?

A

Inactivates thrombin then inhibits fibrinogen from forming fibrin. Fibrin builds clots. DOES NOT dissolve clots.
Ex. DVT, PE, A-Fib Emboli, MI, CVA, and Coagulopathies.

44
Q

With heparin watch for these adverse effects?

A

Thrombocytopenia and Ecchymosis

45
Q

What coagulation test is specific to Heparin?

What coagulation test is specific to Warfarin?

A

PTT/APTT

PT/INR

46
Q

What increases and decreases the effect of Heparin?

A

Aspirin and NSAIDS increase bleeding effect

Nitroglycerin Decreases bleeding effect

47
Q

What is the antidote for heparin and enoxaparin?

A

Protamine Sulfate

48
Q

When using heparin what are the most important labs to monitor?

A

AST & ALT (Liver Function Tests)
WBCs
PT/APTT

49
Q

Patients on bleeding meds need what assistive device?

A

Medical Alert Bracelet

50
Q

What is the generic name for low molecular weight heparin?

A

Enoxaparin / Lovenox Given the Love Handles

51
Q

What does enoxaparin do inside the body?

A

Inhibits thrombus and clot formation by blocking factor Xa an intrinsic factor. Does not affect thrombin formation, clotting factors, prothrombin time, or labs. Less effects on the body. Blocks angiogenesis which helps cause cancer. Prevent clots. Used 90% of patients.

52
Q

Where do you give low molecular weight heparin?

A

Love Handles / Lovenox

53
Q

What does warfarin do in the body?

A

Aka Coumadin. Used to treat and prevent clots in patients with DVT, PE, A-Fib Emboli, Valve Replacement/Damage, or MI. Interferes with vitamin K through the extrinsic factor. Works when bleeding has already occurred.

54
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin?

A

Vitamin K

55
Q

What do you monitor in warfarin therapy?

A

Albumin level because Coumadin binds to protein. Can cause toxicity.

56
Q

What is a major contraindication for warfarin therapy?

A

Any kind of surgery especially, eye, brain, spinal cord, and pregnancy. Uncontrolled Hypertension and Bleeding.

57
Q

Most common side effects of warfarin are what type?

A

GI:
N/ V/D
anorexia
cramps

58
Q

Warfarin has _______ interactions.

A

Many foods and meds interact.

Avoid foods with Vitamin K!

59
Q

When adding a medication to warfarin what is the most important nursing implication?

A

Monitor PT/INR must be checked within 4 days.

60
Q

Why is warfarin given with Heparin?

A

Use together because warfarin is the preferred drug and since it takes 3-7 days to get to its peak they must give heparin until the therapeutic level is reached then it is D/Cd.

61
Q

What does dabigatran do in the body?

A

Aka Pradaxa. This is a blood thinner. It has no antidote. You don’t need to draw labs to measure effectiveness so this was meant to replace Warfarin. This med was recalled due to high amount of deaths.

62
Q

How to you increase venous stasis in an area?

A

Use TED Hose

63
Q

Intermittent clarification is a classic symptom of what cardiovascular disorder?

A

Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disorder

64
Q

What drugs are used to treat peripheral artery occlusive disease? (PAOD)

A

ACE inhibitors
- PRILs

Anti-platelets

  • Clopidogrel
  • Aspirin

Intermittent Cladication Drugs

  • Cilostazol (Pletal)
  • Pentoxifylline (Trental)
65
Q

What are the 6 Ps that are the s/sx of PAOD?

A 
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Plachleothermia
(Inability to adapt to external temps)
66
Q

What are the visual differences between venous and arterial insufficiency?

A

Venous : brown socks b/c of blood dries.

Arterial: thin skin, shiny and swollen

67
Q

-tal

What drug is this?

A

Intermittent Claudication Drugs

68
Q

Name the generic and trade names of the intermittent Claudication drugs?

A

Cilostazol (Pletal)

Pentoxifylline (Trental)

69
Q

What does Pentoxifylline do in the body?

A

Manages the symptoms of intermittent Claudication. Decreases the viscosity of the blood. Improves microcirculation and tissue perfusion by decreasing blood viscosity and increases the flexibility of RBCs letting them get into areas they can’t normally get into.

70
Q

What does lidocaine do in the body?

A

DRUG OF CHOICE USED TO Suppress ventricular ECTOPY AND Dysrhythmias.

71
Q

What does atropine do in the body?

A

Decreases Vagal stimulation and is the drug of choice for a patient in Asystole.

72
Q

When is digoxin the drug of choice to administer?

A

When the patient is in atrial fibrillation. It increases Contractility and slows heart rate.

Block 2 Miscellaneous (9 decks)

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